Haematological tests and interpretation 🩸 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three main markers in a coagulation profile?
A
- APTT:
- Activated partial thromboplastin time
- Measures the intrinsic pathway and the common pathway
- PT:
- Prothrombin time
- Measures the extrinsic pathway and common pathway
- TT:
- Thrombin time
- Measures the common pathway
2
Q
What other markers are tested?
A
- D-dimer (measures intravascular coagulation, not specific though)
- Fibrinogen
- Platelets
- Coagulation factor levels
- Coagulation factor inhibitors
3
Q
What does an abnormal PT indicate?
A
- Problem with factors 12, 10, 5, 2 and/or fibrinogen
- Often caused by liver disease, warfarin or DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
4
Q
What does an abnormal APTT indicate?
A
- Problem with 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 5, 2 and/or fibrinogen
- Often caused by haemophilia, liver disease or DIC
5
Q
What does an abnormal TT indicate?
A
- A problem with fibrinogen, thrombin or FDPs
- Often caused by DIC or heparin
6
Q
What does D-dimer indicate in a blood test?
A
- Recent/On-going fibrinolysis
- Could be due to DVT, PE
7
Q
What does an abnormal level of fibrinogen indicate?
A
- Fibrinogen deficiency
- Often caused by DIC or liver disease
8
Q
What does an abnormal platelet count indicate?
A
- Thrombocytopenia
- Often caused by liver disease, viral infection, bone marrow malignancies, some anaemias
9
Q
Abnormal APTT only?
A
- Indicates:
- Deficiency of 8, 9, 11, 12
- History of bleeding explains 8, 9, 11
- 12 deficiency is aSx
10
Q
Abnormal PT only?
A
- Indicates deficiency of factor 7
11
Q
Abnormal PT and APTT?
A
- Indicates deficiency of 10, 5, 2 (the common pathway)
- Can be due to warfarin or liver disease
12
Q
Abnormal PT, APTT and TT?
A
- Due to:
- Heparin
- Complex deficiency state
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Abnormal/Deficient fibrinogen
