Haematological Malignancies General Flashcards
Which age groups represent peak presentation of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?
Early 20s and elderly
Haematological malignancies occur in which tissues?
Blood
Bone Marrow
Lymphatic system
Feautures of Clonal Haematopoeisis Indeterminate Potential
Ageing phenomenon
No symptoms or abnormal bloods
BUT cells have potential to become malignant
Myeloid malignancies include…
Red blood cells
Platelets
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphoid malignancies are disease of
B cells
T cells
Pancytopenia is a feature of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, What does this term mean?
Reduction in number of Red cells, White cells and Platelets
Pain, dragging sensation and hypersplenism are symptoms/signs of what malignancy?
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
What is the effect on platelet numbers in CML?
None- platelets normal - no bleeding
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia occurs in which patient group?
Children
Difference between Acute and Chronic Lymphoid Malignancies?
Acute- occurring in immature cells - blasts ie Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Chronic- occurs in mature cells
What term is used to describe a BM sample with Fried egg like cells and heavy staining
Plasmocytosis - Malignant plasma cells
Plasmocytosis/Malignant plasma cells is seen in BM samples in which condition?
Multiple Myeloma
Leukaemia vs Lymphoma
Leukaemia- occuring in blood and BM
Lymphoma - occurring in lymph nodes and extramedullary (outwith BM)
In which condition can a patient with leukaemia present with a lump?
Myeloid sarcoma
Features of CLL
Raised WC count
Swollen glands
Normal bloods
Genetic analysis needed
Burkitts lymphoma can present similar to which leukaemia?
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia - Burkitt’s Leukaemia
Acute leukaemia is potentially curable with what treatment>
Chemotherapy
Chronic leukaemia is potentially curable with which modern therapy?
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Where does the programming of immature B cells occur?
Germinal centre of lymph node
B cells are programmed to an antigen to produce which type of cells?
Memory cells
Mutagenic potential occurs at which stage of B cell maturation?
Rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes to match antigen
Localised and painful lymphadenopathy presents due to…
bacterial infection in draining site
Localised and painless lymphadenopathy can present due to…
Rare infections
Metastatic carcinoma from draining site - hard lump
Lymphoma - rubbery
Reactive lymph node- no cause identified
Generalised and painful/tender lymphadenopathy can present due to…
Viral infections
EBV, CMV
Hepatitis
HIV
