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Haematology > Haematological Malignancies General > Flashcards

Haematological Malignancies General Flashcards

1
Q

Which age groups represent peak presentation of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Early 20s and elderly

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2
Q

Haematological malignancies occur in which tissues?

A

Blood
Bone Marrow
Lymphatic system

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3
Q

Feautures of Clonal Haematopoeisis Indeterminate Potential

A

Ageing phenomenon
No symptoms or abnormal bloods
BUT cells have potential to become malignant

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4
Q

Myeloid malignancies include…

A

Red blood cells
Platelets
Granulocytes
Monocytes

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5
Q

Lymphoid malignancies are disease of

A

B cells

T cells

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6
Q

Pancytopenia is a feature of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, What does this term mean?

A

Reduction in number of Red cells, White cells and Platelets

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7
Q

Pain, dragging sensation and hypersplenism are symptoms/signs of what malignancy?

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

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8
Q

What is the effect on platelet numbers in CML?

A

None- platelets normal - no bleeding

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9
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia occurs in which patient group?

A

Children

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10
Q

Difference between Acute and Chronic Lymphoid Malignancies?

A

Acute- occurring in immature cells - blasts ie Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Chronic- occurs in mature cells

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11
Q

What term is used to describe a BM sample with Fried egg like cells and heavy staining

A

Plasmocytosis - Malignant plasma cells

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12
Q

Plasmocytosis/Malignant plasma cells is seen in BM samples in which condition?

A

Multiple Myeloma

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13
Q

Leukaemia vs Lymphoma

A

Leukaemia- occuring in blood and BM

Lymphoma - occurring in lymph nodes and extramedullary (outwith BM)

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14
Q

In which condition can a patient with leukaemia present with a lump?

A

Myeloid sarcoma

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15
Q

Features of CLL

A

Raised WC count
Swollen glands
Normal bloods
Genetic analysis needed

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16
Q

Burkitts lymphoma can present similar to which leukaemia?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia - Burkitt’s Leukaemia

17
Q

Acute leukaemia is potentially curable with what treatment>

A

Chemotherapy

18
Q

Chronic leukaemia is potentially curable with which modern therapy?

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

19
Q

Where does the programming of immature B cells occur?

A

Germinal centre of lymph node

20
Q

B cells are programmed to an antigen to produce which type of cells?

A

Memory cells

21
Q

Mutagenic potential occurs at which stage of B cell maturation?

A

Rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes to match antigen

22
Q

Localised and painful lymphadenopathy presents due to…

A

bacterial infection in draining site

23
Q

Localised and painless lymphadenopathy can present due to…

A

Rare infections
Metastatic carcinoma from draining site - hard lump
Lymphoma - rubbery
Reactive lymph node- no cause identified

24
Q

Generalised and painful/tender lymphadenopathy can present due to…

A

Viral infections
EBV, CMV
Hepatitis
HIV

25
Q

Generalised and painless lympadenopathy

A 
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Connective Tissue disease- sarcoidosis
Reactive
Drug related reaction
26
Q

Widespread painless lymphadenopathy is common to lymphoma and which other conditions?

A

Renal cancer

Final stages of other malignancies

27
Q

3 Features of Lymphoma Presentation

A

Nodal Disease - lympadenopathy
Extranodal - CNS lymphoma presents in brain
Systemic - fever, sweats, weight loss, pruritus, fatigue

28
Q

Systemic symptoms of lymphoma

A 
Fever
Sweats
Weight loss
Pruritus
Fatigue
29
Q

Examples of Malignant Lymphomas

A

Hodgkins
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
Multiple myeloma

30
Q

Presentation of lymphadenopathy in nodes surrounding upper airway

A

Hodgkins

31
Q

Symmetrical lymphadenopathy

A

Non-hodgkins

32
Q

Follicular lymphoma

A

Non-hodgkins

33
Q

Pain on consumption of alcohol is seen in which type of lymphoma

A

Hodgkins

34
Q

Major Groups of Haematological Malignancies

A

Acute Leukaemia - AML, ALL
Chronic Leukaemia- CML, CLL

Malignant lymphomas - Hodgkins, Non hogkins, Multiple Myeloma

Myelodysplastic syndromes
Chronic Myeloproliferative diseases

Haematology (7 decks)

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