Haematalogical Malignancy Background Flashcards
What is commonest haematological malignancy in childhood
ALL
What is commonest malignancy in elderly
Non-Hodgkin
CLL
AML
MDS
Pathogenesis behind haem malignancy
Genetics
If mutation in haemapoetic stem cell = all cells will have
Gives cell survival advantage
Produce malignant clown which grows to dominate tissue e.g. bone marrow / LN
What are haemapoetic stem cells
Multipotent - produce all blood cells
Self-renew
What infectious are associated with haem malignancy and what type
- EBV
- HIV
- H.pylori
- Malaria
EBV = NHL, Hodgkins HIV = high grade B cell lymphoma H.pylori = MALT lymphoma Malaria = Burkitt's
What does myeloid malignancy affect
Myeloid cell Red cells Platelets Granulocytes Monocytes
What are the granulocytes
Basophils
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
What does lymphoid malignancy affect
Lymphocytes B cell - Further differentiate into plasma cell T cell NK cell
If mutation causes increased proliferation of myeloid cells but blocked differentiation what happens
Accumulation of myeloid progenitor cells in BM
Huge number of cells that are designed to grow fast so malignancy comes on quick
No differentiating into final end cell
Bone marrow fails
= AML
What happens if ongoing proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells
Accumulation of more end cells
Myeloproliferative disorder + CML
What happens if mutation causes increased proliferation of lymphoid but block differentiation
Increased lymphoid progenitor
= ALL
What causes CLL / lymphomas / MM
Mutations NOT in bone marrow
Most likely in germinal centre of LN as that is where cells are produced
These cells are for humeral immunity and tend to be slow growing as the cells grow slowly
What does leukaemia affect
Blood and bone marrow
What does lymphoma affect
Lymph glands / other lymph tissue
What is the most common leukaemia
CLL
Most commonly discovered on blood test but can have swollen LN
