Haem Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of gingival hyperplasia?

A

Gingival hyperplasia: phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine) and AML

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2
Q

TTP

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Pentad:

  1. Headache/altered mental state
  2. Renal failure
  3. Fevere
  4. MAHA - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
  5. Thrombocytopenia

Features:
- Anaemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neurological dysfunction – altered mental status, seizures,
hemiplegia, paresthesia, visual disturbance and aphasia
- Fever
- Dark coloured urine - haemoglobinuria

Tx:

  • Steroids – no evidence
  • Plasma exchange
  • Rituximab – refractory or relapsing cases or even in patients with neurological and cardiac involvement
  • Vincristine – refractory cases
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3
Q

Elevated Homocysteine

A

Elevated homocysteine levels can lead to severe health complications. Too much homocysteine increases your risk for:

  • Blood clots.
  • Dementia.
  • Heart attack.
  • Heart disease.
  • Osteoporosis.
  • Stroke.

Vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and vitamin B9 (folate) break down homocysteine to generate other chemicals your body needs - high levels may indicate deficiency

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