HaDPop Flashcards
To cover all Health and Disease in Populations content you are required to know for ESA 1 (may not be everything) I take no responsibility for any of the flashcards featured here...mistakes/shit happens.
Define fecundity
The physical ability to reproduce
Define fertility
The realisation of the fecundity (physical ability to reproduce) as actual births
What is the crude birth rate defined as?
The number of live births per thousand people in a population
What is the general fertility rate defined as?
The number of live births per 1000 of the populations women who are ages 15-44
What do we mean when we say the total period fertility rate?
All of the age specific fertility rates together
What is the crude death rate defined as?
The amounts of deaths per 1000 people in a population
What is the age-specific death rate defined as?
The amount of deaths per 1000 people in an age group per year
What does SMR stand for?
Standardised mortality ratio
What is the point of using an SMR?
It adjusts for age and sex distribution which removes confounding
How does an SMR work? i.e. think of how it is calculated
It works by comparing a population being studied to a reference population, any values of 100 show no difference
Observed pop./Expected pop. (x100)
Define Census
The simultaneous recording of demographic data at a particular time pertaining to all individuals who live in a particular territory
How is an incidence rate worked out? (NOT HOW IS AN INCIDENCE RATE RATIO WORKED OUT)
Incidence rates are worked out by how many new events of something happen in a population over time. Therefore:
Incidence rate = New Events ÷ (Population x Time)
How is an incidence rate ratio worked out?
One incidence rate divided by another
Define incidence rate
The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time
How would you work out the two confidence limits?
Error factor x IR
IR ÷ Error Factor
Can you ever accept the null hypothesis?
NO!
You can only ever reject or not reject the null hypothesis.
Define Prevalence
The number of existing cases of a disease in a population
What is a confounding factor?
A confounding factor is any factor that links the exposure with the outcome but is not on the causative pathway