HA Final Flashcards
1
Q
ideal positioning is for vaginal delivery
A
- occipitoanterior
2
Q
When do we screen for breast cancer for 1st degree relative
A
- Age of 1st degree relatives diagnosis -10 years
- Annual MRI at 35
3
Q
Red Flag headache signs
A
- Worst headache of their life
- Thunderclap headache
- Started after Valsalva or exertion (sex)
- New after age 50
- Better with position change
- Papilledema
- Stiff neck and fever
- Focal neurological deficits
- Recent head trauma
- Progressing and getting worse over more than 1 month
4
Q
Cranial nerves
A
- Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Butts Matter Most
- Hearing loss CN VIII
- Impaired Gag reflex CN IX
- Shoulder Weakness CN XI
- Dilated pupils CN III
- Anosmia (smell blindness) CN I
- MasticationCN V
- Gives parasympathetic input CN X
- Tongue protrudes to left CN XII
5
Q
Cauda equina syndrome
A
- Saddle anesthesia
- Bladder dysfunction
- Progressive neuro deficit in lower extremity such as foot drop or weakening
- Unexplained laxity of anal sphincter
6
Q
Compression fracture
A
- Minor trauma
- Strenuous lifting esp older adult
- Corticosteroid
7
Q
Know cervical cancer guidelines
A
- ASC-US (Atypical Squamous Cells of undetermined significance)
- ASC-H As above but (Cannot exclude HSIL)
- LSIL (Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
- CIN1 (Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia)- not past the surface area
- HSIL (High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions)
- CIN2 Moderate dysplasia *CIN3 Severe dysplasia
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
8
Q
Write out area of concern for breast ultrasound in relation from a clock
A
- Specify 6 o’clock, 5mm away from nipple
9
Q
Difference in UMD LMD exam findings
A
- Upper motor neurons issues cause spasticity
- Lower motor neurons cause flaccidity
10
Q
Brain lobes and what they are responsible for
A
- Frontal (higher brain processing, motor tract, brocas area
- Temporal (memory, Wernickes area, hippocampus
- Occipital (vision)
- Parietal (somatosensory, proprioception)
11
Q
Red flag signs for back pain Possible neoplasm signs
A
- Age over 50 under 20
- Hx of cx
- Unexplained weight loss, severe nighttime pain
Possible infection - Recent bacterial infection like UTI
- IV drug use
- Immunosuppression from steroids, transplant or HIV
12
Q
Know puberty
A
- And that white kids go into puberty later
- Starts at 9.5 in males,
- Gyno may appear
- 8-12 in females
- Menses begins at 9-15 avg 1t 12.5
13
Q
Risk factors for testicular cancer
A
- Cryptorchidism
- 15-35 age (teach testicular exam for everyone under 30)
- Painless nodule
- Family history
- More common in whites
- AIDS
14
Q
Gyn exam sensitivity
A
- Don’t say stirrups, spread, just relax, looks good ect… (anything that can have a sexual connotation)
- Be matter of fact
15
Q
When do we screen for breast cancer for 1st degree relative
A
- Age of 1st degree relatives diagnosis -10 years
- Annual MRI at 35
16
Q
Risk factors for breast cancer
A
- Black women at greater risk
- Overweight
- Alcohol use
- No children or >30
- Not breastfeeding
Non-modifiable - BRCA 1 and 2
- Chest wall radiation before 30 (hodskins lymphoma)
17
Q
- Synovial joints
A
- Freely movable and secrets fluid ie knee and shoulder
18
Q
cartilaginous joints
A
- Slightly movable and separated by fibrocartilaginous discs ie. vertebrae and symphysis pubis
19
Q
Fibrous joints
A
- No appreciable movement separated by tissue/cartiledge (skull sutures)
20
Q
carpal tunnel
A
- Compression of the median nerve causing numbness and pain to palmar and radial hand
21
Q
Know the anatomic snuffbox
A
- Scaphoid bone fractures are the common carpal bone to be fractured by falling onto a hand
- Fracture can trigger avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis of the wrist
22
Q
Know anatomy/what’s inflamed in carpal tunnel syndrome
A
- Median nerve under the flexor retinaculum (holds surrounding tendons in place but can become thick/stiff from overuse
- The flexor tendons/soft tissue surrounding the nerve get inflamed
23
Q
Know major ligaments in knee
A
- MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL
- Medial and lateral menisci
24
Q
A
