HA Chapter 24 Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Bandlike flat tendons connecting the process of the scapula

Answer 1

aponeurosis

Question 2

Saclike structure containing thick fluid that surrounds the areas subject to friction, such as the interface between bone and tendon

Answer 2

bursa

Question 3

Covering of a nerve that consists of connective tissue

Answer 3

epineurium

Question 4

Small bundle of muscles, nerves and tendons

Answer 4

fasciculi

Question 5

Fibrous band of tissue connecting bone or cartilage to bone that aids in stabilizing a joint

Answer 5

ligament

Question 6

Type of tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that affects movement of an organ or part of the body

Answer 6

muscle

Question 7

Substance forming the sheath of Schwann cells

Answer 7

myelin

Question 8

A feather like pattern of muscle growth

Answer 8

pennate

Question 9

Connective tissue that surrounds muscle

Answer 9

perineurium

Question 10

Membrane surrounding a joint, tendon, or bursa that secretes a viscous fluid called synovia

Answer 10

synovial sheath

Question 11

Fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

Answer 11

tendon

Question 12

The anterior portion of the body when in the anatomic position.

Answer 12

volar

Question 13

The joint found in the shoulder that connects the clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula.

Answer 13

acromioclavicular joint

Question 14

The quality of compromising varying values of a given property when measured in different directions

Answer 14

anisotropy

Question 15

Conduit for impulses sent to and from the muscles and the central nervous system

Answer 15

nerve

Question 16

Posterior linear equidistant artifact created when sound reverberates between 2 strong reflectors, such as air bubbles, metal, or glass

Answer 16

comet tail artifact

Question 17

Upward movement of the hand or foot

Answer 17

dorsiflexion

Question 18

Fibrous tunnel that contains the ulnar artery and vein, ulnar nerve, and some fatty tissue

Answer 18

Guyon’s canal or tunnel

Question 19

Pointing of the toes toward the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 19

plantar flexion

Question 20

The bending of the sound beam at the edge of a circular structure that results in the absence of posterior echoes

Answer 20

refractile shadowing

Question 21

Accumulation of serous fluid within tissue

Answer 21

seroma

Question 22

Inflammation of the tendon

Answer 22

tendinitis

Question 23

Skeletal muscle contains long, organized units called muscle ____.

Answer 23

fibers

Question 24

The characteristic long fibers are under voluntary control, allowing us to contract a(n) ___ and move a joint.

Answer 24

muscle

Question 25

A(n) ____ muscle has a division of several feather-like sections in one muscle, and the ____ is the convergence of fibers to a central tendon.

Answer 25

multipennate; circumpennate

Question 26

The attachment of the muscle that occurs at the proximal and distal portion of the bundle is called a(n) ______.

Answer 26

tendon

Question 27

Tendons occur with or without a ____ sheath.

Answer 27

synovial

Question 28

The sheath surrounding a tendon has two layers. The fluid separates the layers in this part of the body: ___,___,___ and ___.

Answer 28

shoulder, hand, wrist, and ankle

Question 29

Short bands of tough fibers hat connect bones to other bones are ____.

Answer 29

ligaments

Question 30

The saclike structure surrounding joints and tendons that contains a viscous fluid is the ___.

Answer 30

bursa

Question 31

The knee has ___ bursa.

Answer 31

9

Question 32

A loose areolar connective tissue that fills the fascial compartment of the tendon lacking a synovial sheath is a(n) ______.

Answer 32

paratenon

Question 33

The dense ____ is another layer of connective tissue that closely adjoins the tendon.

Answer 33

epitendium

Question 34

Interwoven and interconnected collagen fibers found in the tendon run in a(n) ____ path.

Answer 34

parallel

Question 35

The proximal portion of the muscle is considered the ___, whereas the ____ is the distal end.

Answer 35

origin; insertion

Question 36

The normal nerve has a ___ appearance when compared with muscle; but it is ___ to tendons.

Answer 36

hyperechoic; hypoechoic

Question 37

The minute amount of viscous fluid contained within the bursa helps reduce ___ between the moving parts of the joint.

Answer 37

friction

Question 38

A Baker's cyst is an example of a(n) ___ bursa in the medial popliteal fossa.

Answer 38

communicating

Question 39

Echogenic line on the anterior surface of the cartilage surrounding the humeral head

Answer 39

cartilage interface sign

Question 40

Hypoechoic hematoma found at the end of a completely retracted muscle fragment

Answer 40

clapper in the bell sigh

Question 41

The deltoid muscle is on the humeral head; seen with a full thickness tear of the rotator cuff

Answer 41

naked tuberosity sign

Question 42

Increase in wrist compression caused by hyperflexion of the wrist for 60 seconds; patient is holding the forearms upright and pressing the ventral side of the hands together

Answer 42

Phalen's sign

Question 43

Test used to evaluate the integrity of the Achille's tendon that involves plantar flexion with squeezing the calf

Answer 43

Thompson's test

Question 44

Pins and needles tingling felt distally to a percussion site and either a normal or abnormal occurrence (e.g. hitting the elbow creates a tingling in the distal arm)

Answer 44

Tinel's sign

Question 45

To begin the exam of the biceps, place the patient with a slight ___ rotation of the shoulder.

Answer 45

internal

Question 46

When facing the patient and imaging the right shoulder, the lateral anatomy displays on the ___ side of the image and the medial anatomy on the ____ side of the screen.

Answer 46

left; right

Question 47

The groove located between the greater and lesser tuberosities, coupled with the overlying transverse ligament, maintains the ___ tendon location.

Answer 47

biceps

Question 48

Using the biceps tendon as a landmark, angle the transducer ___ to locate the subscapularis tendon.

Answer 48

anteromedially

Question 49

The bandlike tendon that has a medium level echotexture is the ___ tendon and originates from the greater tuberosity of the humerus.

Answer 49

supraspinatus

Question 50

A good landmark to help find the anteriorly located infraspinatus tendon is the posterior ___.

Answer 50

glenoid labrum

Question 51

Fluid imaged ___ to the infraspinatus tendon indicates bursal fluid, whereas ___ fluid indicated joint effusion.

Answer 51

superficial; posterior

Question 52

The carpal tunnel is located between the ___ bones and the ____ retinaculum on the palmar side of the wrist.

Answer 52

carpal; flexor

Question 53

The ulnar artery and veins indicate the medial border of the carpal tunnel; whereas the most lateral structure is the ___ artery and veins.

Answer 53

radial

Question 54

The tendon that connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneous is the ____ tendon.

Answer 54

Achille's

Question 55

The dislocation of the biceps tendon from the bicipital groove may be due to a problem with _____________________________________.

Answer 55

transverse humeral ligament, abnormal development of the bicipital groove, supraspinatus and/or subscapularis tears

Question 56

The ____ thickness tear involves either the bursal or articular cuff surface or the intrasubstance material.

Answer 56

partial

Question 57

The presence of large amounts of fluid in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa raises the chance of a non-visualized _____ tear

Answer 57

full thickness

Question 58

The normal tendon cannot be compressed; however, the injured tendon ___ as the torn edges move apart.

Answer 58

flattens

Question 59

Joint effusion around the biceps tendon combined with subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis results in the _____ sign.

Answer 59

double-effusion

Question 60

Acute tendinitis involves not only the tendon but the surrounding ____ sheath.

Answer 60

synovial

Question 61

The normal synovial sheath appears as a hypoechoic ____ around the tendon.

Answer 61

halo

Question 62

The abrupt stretching of the muscle beyond the maximum length results in a(n) _____ tear.

Answer 62

distraction

Question 63

External force resulting in a crush injury is considered a(n) ____ tear.

Answer 63

compression

Question 64

What are the sono findings for de Quervain's tendinitis?

Answer 64

Characteristis anechoic fluid surrounding the extensor tendons of the hand; this fluid within the tendon sheath can create a halo effect