HA Ch.20 Flashcards
Limited examination of the abdomen or pelvis to evaluate free fluid or pericardial fluid
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
Collection of bloody fluid in the abdomen or pelvis secondary to trauma or surgical procedure
Hemoperitoneum
Imprisonment or confinement of a part of the bowel; the visceral contents cannot be reduced
Incarcerated hernia
Procedure used in radiography wherein contrast is administered intravenously to help the technician visualize the urinary system
Intravenous urography
Invasive procedure that is used to sample the intraperitoneal space for evidence of damage to viscera and blood vessels
Peritoneal lavage
Condition seen in a patient with aortic dissection
Pseudodissection
Capable of being replaced in a normal position; the visceral contents can be returned to normal intraabdominal location
Reducible hernia
An incarcerated hernia with vascular compromise
Strangulated hernia
This procedure, called ___________, is used to sample the intraperitoneal space for evidence of damage to the viscera and blood vessels
Peritoneal lavage
Peritoneal lavage is usually used as a diagnostic technique in certain cases of _________ abdominal trauma
Blunt
Peritoneal lavage carries a risk of organ injury and decreases the specificity of subsequent ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) because of the introduction of __________ fluid and air
Intraperitoneal
The _________ scan in the emergency department is a limited examination of the abdomen or pelvis to evaluate free fluid or pericardial fluid
FAST
In the context of traumatic injury, free fluid is usually a result of ___________ and contributes to the assessment of the circulation
Hemorrhage
The FAST scan area of evaluation is widespread, extending from the pericardial sac to the urinary bladder and including the __________ area (including Morison’s Pouch), the _____________ region (including splenorenal recess), ___________ and __________________
Perihepatic, parasplenic, paracolic gutters, cul-de-sac
Accessibility and _____________ of performance are critical in the trauma setting
Speed
The goal is to scan the ____________ quadrants, ___________ sac, and cul-de-sac for the presence of free fluid or hemoperitoneum
Four, pericardial
Hemorrhage in the peritoneal cavity collect in the most _________ area of the abdomen
Dependent
_____________ lacerations or contusions are more easily detected with ultrasound than they are any other visceral abdominal injury
Liver
A brisk intraparenchymal hemorrhage may be identified as a(n) ___________ region within the abnormal parenchyma, whereas a global parenchymal injury may project into the liver as a widespread architectual disruption with absence of the normal vascular pattern
Anechoic
In female patients of reproductive age with trauma, free fluid isolated to the cul-de-sac is likely __________
Physiologic
If the patient is female with symptoms of right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis, ________________ should be ruled out
Acute cholecystitis
The most common cause of acute cholecystitis is __________ with a cystic duct obstruction
Cholelithiasis
Midepigastric pain that radiates to the back is characteristic of ___________
Acute pancreatitis
Sonographic findings in acute pancreatitis show a normal to edematous gland that is somewhat __________ to normal texture
Hypoechoic
Flank pain caused by ___________ is a common problem in patients presenting to the emergency department
Urolithiasis
If the stone completely obstructs the ureter, no ________ will present
Hematuria
When obstruction occurs, ultrasound is very effective in demonstrating the secondary sign of ___________
Hydronephrosis
With the bladder distended, the color Doppler is an excellent tool to image the presence of ureteral jets into the bladder; the transducer should be angled in a(n) ________ presentation through the distended urinary bladder
Cephalic
The pulse repetition frequency should be _________ to assess the low velocity of the ureteral jet flow
decreased
A(n) _________ is a condition in which a propagating intramural hematoma actually dissects along the length of the vessel, stripping away the intima and, in some cases, part of the media
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
Most aortic dissections will occur at one of three sites:
Root of the aorta with extension into the arch,
level of the left subclavian artery with extension into the descending aorta or abdominal aorta,
Only at the level of the ascending aorta
Most aortic dissections are located in the ___________ aorta
Ascending
____________ hypertension is nearly always associated with aortic dissection
Systemic
The most typical presentation of an aortic dissection is that of a sudden onset of severe, tearing_________ pain radiating to the arms, neck, or back
Chest
With appendicitis, the patient will usually have rebound tenderness,”___________ sign,” associated with peritoneal irritation
McBurney’s
A(n) __________ forms when the abdominal wall muscles are weakend, which allows the viscera to protrude into the weakend abdominal wall
Hernia
Sonography allows visualization of the__________ movement of the bowel during Valsalva maneuvers and determines the presence or absence of vascular flow within the defect
Peristaltic
Most paraumbilical hernias contain __________, _________, and_________
Colon, omentum and fat
The patient should be instructed to perform a(n) ___________ maneuver to determine the site of wall defect and confirm the presence of the protruding hernia
Valsalva
