HA Ch.20

Question 1

Limited examination of the abdomen or pelvis to evaluate free fluid or pericardial fluid

Answer 1

Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Question 2

Collection of bloody fluid in the abdomen or pelvis secondary to trauma or surgical procedure

Answer 2

Hemoperitoneum

Question 3

Imprisonment or confinement of a part of the bowel; the visceral contents cannot be reduced

Answer 3

Incarcerated hernia

Question 4

Procedure used in radiography wherein contrast is administered intravenously to help the technician visualize the urinary system

Answer 4

Intravenous urography

Question 5

Invasive procedure that is used to sample the intraperitoneal space for evidence of damage to viscera and blood vessels

Answer 5

Peritoneal lavage

Question 6

Condition seen in a patient with aortic dissection

Answer 6

Pseudodissection

Question 7

Capable of being replaced in a normal position; the visceral contents can be returned to normal intraabdominal location

Answer 7

Reducible hernia

Question 8

An incarcerated hernia with vascular compromise

Answer 8

Strangulated hernia

Question 9

This procedure, called ___________, is used to sample the intraperitoneal space for evidence of damage to the viscera and blood vessels

Answer 9

Peritoneal lavage

Question 10

Peritoneal lavage is usually used as a diagnostic technique in certain cases of _________ abdominal trauma

Answer 10

Blunt

Question 11

Peritoneal lavage carries a risk of organ injury and decreases the specificity of subsequent ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) because of the introduction of __________ fluid and air

Answer 11

Intraperitoneal

Question 12

The _________ scan in the emergency department is a limited examination of the abdomen or pelvis to evaluate free fluid or pericardial fluid

Answer 12

FAST

Question 13

In the context of traumatic injury, free fluid is usually a result of ___________ and contributes to the assessment of the circulation

Answer 13

Hemorrhage

Question 14

The FAST scan area of evaluation is widespread, extending from the pericardial sac to the urinary bladder and including the __________ area (including Morison’s Pouch), the _____________ region (including splenorenal recess), ___________ and __________________

Answer 14

Perihepatic, parasplenic, paracolic gutters, cul-de-sac

Question 15

Accessibility and _____________ of performance are critical in the trauma setting

Answer 15

Speed

Question 16

The goal is to scan the ____________ quadrants, ___________ sac, and cul-de-sac for the presence of free fluid or hemoperitoneum

Answer 16

Four, pericardial

Question 17

Hemorrhage in the peritoneal cavity collect in the most _________ area of the abdomen

Answer 17

Dependent

Question 18

_____________ lacerations or contusions are more easily detected with ultrasound than they are any other visceral abdominal injury

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

A brisk intraparenchymal hemorrhage may be identified as a(n) ___________ region within the abnormal parenchyma, whereas a global parenchymal injury may project into the liver as a widespread architectual disruption with absence of the normal vascular pattern

Answer 19

Anechoic

Question 20

In female patients of reproductive age with trauma, free fluid isolated to the cul-de-sac is likely __________

Answer 20

Physiologic

Question 21

If the patient is female with symptoms of right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis, ________________ should be ruled out

Answer 21

Acute cholecystitis

Question 22

The most common cause of acute cholecystitis is __________ with a cystic duct obstruction

Answer 22

Cholelithiasis

Question 23

Midepigastric pain that radiates to the back is characteristic of ___________

Answer 23

Acute pancreatitis

Question 24

Sonographic findings in acute pancreatitis show a normal to edematous gland that is somewhat __________ to normal texture

Answer 24

Hypoechoic

Question 25

Flank pain caused by ___________ is a common problem in patients presenting to the emergency department

Answer 25

Urolithiasis

Question 26

If the stone completely obstructs the ureter, no ________ will present

Answer 26

Hematuria

Question 27

When obstruction occurs, ultrasound is very effective in demonstrating the secondary sign of ___________

Answer 27

Hydronephrosis

Question 28

With the bladder distended, the color Doppler is an excellent tool to image the presence of ureteral jets into the bladder; the transducer should be angled in a(n) ________ presentation through the distended urinary bladder

Answer 28

Cephalic

Question 29

The pulse repetition frequency should be _________ to assess the low velocity of the ureteral jet flow

Answer 29

decreased

Question 30

A(n) _________ is a condition in which a propagating intramural hematoma actually dissects along the length of the vessel, stripping away the intima and, in some cases, part of the media

Answer 30

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Question 31

Most aortic dissections will occur at one of three sites:

Answer 31

Root of the aorta with extension into the arch,
level of the left subclavian artery with extension into the descending aorta or abdominal aorta,
Only at the level of the ascending aorta

Question 32

Most aortic dissections are located in the ___________ aorta

Answer 32

Ascending

Question 33

____________ hypertension is nearly always associated with aortic dissection

Answer 33

Systemic

Question 34

The most typical presentation of an aortic dissection is that of a sudden onset of severe, tearing_________ pain radiating to the arms, neck, or back

Answer 34

Chest

Question 35

With appendicitis, the patient will usually have rebound tenderness,”___________ sign,” associated with peritoneal irritation

Answer 35

McBurney’s

Question 36

A(n) __________ forms when the abdominal wall muscles are weakend, which allows the viscera to protrude into the weakend abdominal wall

Answer 36

Hernia

Question 37

Sonography allows visualization of the__________ movement of the bowel during Valsalva maneuvers and determines the presence or absence of vascular flow within the defect

Answer 37

Peristaltic

Question 38

Most paraumbilical hernias contain __________, _________, and_________

Answer 38

Colon, omentum and fat

Question 39

The patient should be instructed to perform a(n) ___________ maneuver to determine the site of wall defect and confirm the presence of the protruding hernia

Answer 39

Valsalva