H7.1

Question 1

Lovell

Answer 1

Lovell 1486
Dynastic;
Spies find out; Lovell flees and Staffords arrested
+Early in reign, still factional differences
-No influential noble support, efficient intelligence opp

Question 2

Simnel

Answer 2

Simnel 1486-7
Dynastic
Poses as Earl of Warwick; goes to Dublin; Burgundy support - mercenaries and money (H7 parades real Warwick) march south; beaten at Battle of Stoke
+Battle close, royal army, foreign support
-Could disprove claim, little english support (Irish disliked)

Question 3

Yorkshire

Answer 3

Yorkshire; 1488
Socioeconomic; tax
Unhappy at Britagne aid - other northern counties exempt and bad harvest; kill taxman and put down by royal army
Money never collected, installs royal rep of north (ach. weak authority)
Never march south; limited to Yorkshire, easily put down

Question 4

Warbeck

Answer 4

Warbeck 1491-1499
Dynastic;
Pose as Richard Shrewsbury; goes to Ireland; troops → France; Etaples → Burgundy; suspend trade → Maximillian; Kent deal fails → Scotland; marriage → Ireland; Cornwall fail & executed
+ Continues for long time, foreign support, can’t disprove, nobility support (sir stanley affair)
- Little english support (long time), successfully deals with foreign support, suggests prev issues dealt with as Cornwall doesn’t support

Question 5

What was the Sir Stanley affair?

Answer 5

helped Henry win battle of Bosworth; position of Chamberlain – one of the most trusted of positions in the king’s court; found to be one of supporting Warbeck; executed

Question 6

Cornwall

Answer 6

Cornwall 1497
Socioeconomic;
Unhappy at Scottish defence aid; gather at Bodmin; march through Devon & Somerset; put down
Gain support; 15,000, royal army
Deserters lessen, complaint against ‘evil counselors not king’

Question 7

De La Pole

Answer 7

De la Pole 1499-1506
Dynastic
Flees to France; pledge form Burgundy & HRE; H7 pays for return - fails & suspends trade link in response; returned after shipwreck on condition of no harm
Last for several years, foreign support, desperate enough to pay HRE money £250,000
Never actually attacks,

Question 8

why were the nobles so important to H7

Answer 8

He needed their help to rule; H7 had no experience
he had seen the issues caused by over powerful nobles (many of the issues of the 15th century were caused by nobility exploiting weak king)
needed to ensure they wouldn’t support yorkist threat

Question 9

methods H7 used to target nobility who were a threat

Answer 9

acts of attainder; remove nobles land and power

bounds and recognisances; money forfeitted under obligations

Question 10

methods H7 used to overall decrease power of nobility

Answer 10

banned retainers; private armies
act of resumption; reclaimed crown land (land = power)
feudal dues; money claimed as head of state

Question 11

methods H7 used to try and encourage loyalty among st nobles

Answer 11

peerage; only 3 earls
kings council;
order of the garter; prestige not land
patronage; in reward for loyal service not incentive

Question 12

how did H7 tackle law & order in regional gov

Answer 12

north; council of the north (yorkist)

Wales; council of Wales - headed by Arthur & natural death of Marcher lords (little control during WoR)

Ireland; Poyning’s law = no parliament w/o King but fails outside pale - rely on nobles (Yorkist)

Question 13

how did H7 tackle law & order in local gov

Answer 13

justices of peace; pre now had been forced to rely on nobles doing as said; JoP could arrest / set bail

Question 14

how did H7 tackle law & order in central gov

Answer 14

infrequent use of parliament - only called 7 times

inner circle of 8 (incl. Morton, Fox)

subset of councils; etc. council learned in law (elected on ability not nobility)

Question 15

sources of ordinary revenue under H7

Answer 15

feudal dues; exploits more
crown lands; increased tenfold
profits from justice; fines not sentences

custom dues; went down (smuggling & European power riffs)

Question 16

sources of extraordinary revenue under H7

Answer 16

treaty of Etaples; £5000 p/a
church; could ask for money during war / kept bishoprics vacant & claim £ / sell of positions
feudal aid; money could claim as head of feudal system (Arthur knighted)

Benevolences; forced loan w/o repayment - could cause resent
loans; had to repay
parliamentary taxation; caused 2 rebellions / based on out of date wealth assessments

Question 17

H7 financial successes

Answer 17

not willing to jeopardize security for (de la pole)
increase income; crown land, feudal dues, justice of profit, treaty of etaples, church
avoids war - saves money

Question 18

H7 financial shortcoming

Answer 18

taxation causes rebellions
(also doesn’t even get full amount)
custom duties decrease
initial use of exchequer inadequate (borrow money for coronation)
English income small in comparison to alt European countries
H8 spends all H7’s money in 2 years

Question 19

Was he ever secure? evidence for

Answer 19

Amassed money; increased wealth & revenue
Strengthened central & regional (Wales & North) gov.
Reduces threat of the nobility
Does put down all rebellions
Mostly unites house of Lancaster & York; marriage
Able to defeat Yorkist challenge; lack of claimants (pretenders)
Political nation wanted end to instability of War of Roses; Lack of challenges to throne
Passes on throne

Question 20

Was he ever secure? evidence against

Answer 20

Creates resentment amongst nobles; bonds & recognisances; said he would have been overthrown
Provoked 2 rebellions; through money demands
Doesn’t strengthen control over Ireland (Yorkist stronghold)
Faces rebellions & battle throughout reign; from first year to last decade; couldn’t eradicate threat
Succession not definite; depended only on H8
Weak claim to throne