H4 - Beginning Cold War

Question 1

Containment policy

Answer 1

1947
Truman (influ ambassador Kennan)
‘Truman Speech’
absolute necessity to resist soviet expansion, and avoid direct confrontation
= po&eco support to support résistance against ‘tyranny’

Question 2

Fulton Speech

Answer 2

1946
Churchill
threat of undemocratic control over eastern europe
‘Iron curtain’ btw free and totalitarian Europe

Question 3

Iran

Answer 3

1946 - Stalin refused to withdraw
agnst Teheran Agreement (43)
= growing mistrust towards USSR

Question 4

Long Telegram

Answer 4

1946
Kennan
the Soviet Union could not foresee “permanent peaceful coexistence” with the West
convinced that the Soviets would try to expand their sphere of influence, and (Iran and Turkey++)

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

1947
eco assistance proposed by G Marshall
offered to all countries
$13Md to help rebuild
17 participants - 1st : Greece & Turkey
USSR refused and pressured eur nations to do so too
+ Western encouraged to gather in eco alliance (48 : Hague)

Question 6

NATO

Answer 6

1949

strong military alliance with Europe

Question 7

CIA & NSA

Answer 7

1947 & 1952
= national security network
spied on East and investigated enemies from interior

Question 8

Berlin blockade

Answer 8

1948-49
by USSR to oust western pws
US&UK org an airlift to supply Berliner (food coal medicine)
Stalin eventually lifted
= victory of containment
> eco : prov supplies
> po : sustained their position, granted democracy and freedom
> diplo : ø direct confrontation

Question 9

Salami tactics

Answer 9

1945-49 - 9 countries became satellite
ex : 48 Prague coup
legitimate bc of WWII
buffer zone of friendly states

Question 10

Bolshoi speech

Answer 10

1946
WWII inevitable and stemmed from contradictions of capitalism
praised socialism and policies of the 30s - collectivization, industrialization

Question 11

Interview Pravda

Answer 11

1946
response Fulton speech
linked UK&US to Nazis and accused them of having the same desire for world domination

Question 12

Zhdanov doctrine

Answer 12

1947
answer to Truman doctrine
2 irreconcilable camps = ‘imp and anti-dem’ (US)
‘anti-imp and dem’ (USSR)

Question 13

Cominform

Answer 13

1947
gap of representatives of communist parties in eur supposed to spread communism
given po support and propaganda

Question 14

Warsaw Pact

Answer 14

1955

military alliance w countries of East Europe