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H250 World Civilizations to 1750 > H250 Final Exam Flash Cards > Flashcards

H250 Final Exam Flash Cards

1
Q

The first Roman Emperor

A

Augustus

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2
Q

A species that appeared in Africa around 4 million years ago and unlike other animals sometimes walked on two legs at least some of the time. Nicknamed Lucy, she brain capacity was about 1/3 of a modern human’s, but still larger than other creatures at that time.

A

Australopithecines

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3
Q

The great epidemic of the bubonic plague that killed up to 1/3 of the European population.

A

Black Death

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4
Q

The Mississippian civilization known as the “mound builders.”

A

Cahokia

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5
Q

Trading centers like Palmyra, located along the Silk Roads

A

Caravan Cities

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6
Q

A two-wheeled vehicle that revolutionized warfare.

A

Chariot

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7
Q

The first EMPIRE in South America (not the first civilization. There was a civilization in the same location before this empire developed.)

A

Chimu Empire

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8
Q

Chinese radical thinker whose ideas about ethical living shaped the politically engaged “superior gentleman,” and transformed society & government.

A

Confucius

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9
Q

“Citizens of the world” that lived in multicultural urban centers

A

Cosmopolitans

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10
Q

An authoritative statement of belief

A

Creed

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11
Q

This developed in Mesopotamia and was the world’s first writing system.

A

Cuneiform

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12
Q

The Ottoman system of taking non-Muslim children in place of taxes in order to educate them in Muslim ways and prepare them for service in the sultan’s government.

A

Devshirme

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13
Q

Bringing plants or animals under human control

A

Domestication

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14
Q

Multi-ethnic trading stations where traders exchanged goods and replenished supplies.

A

Entrepots

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15
Q

The religious practices that unite all Muslims

A

Five Pillars

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16
Q

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are examples of…

A

Greek Philosophers

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17
Q

The Indus River Valley was carved by fast-flowing streams of water that ran off the tallest mountain range in the world. This mountain range is named the …

A

Himalayas

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18
Q

The human ancestor that learned to control fire and migrated out of Africa.

A

Homo erectus

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19
Q

The “handy man” human ancestor that was known for its tool making abilities.

A

Homo habilis

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20
Q

Literally “wise human.” Modern human beings with bigger brains and greater dexterity than previous hominid species, all of which eventually went extinct.

A

Homo sapiens

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21
Q

This nomadic group successfully invaded Egypt using chariots.

A

Hyksos

22
Q

A tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church that enforced religious orthodoxy, and over several centuries sought to punish witches, Jews, and false converts to Christianity.

A

Inquisition

23
Q

A tax paid by non-Muslims in the Islamic empire.

A

Jizya

24
Q

The “greater vehicle,” a newer type of Buddhism that includes bodhisattvas, which are not part of original Buddhism.

A

Mahayana Buddhism

25
Q

The empire founded by Sundiata (Lion Prince) that became a major trade empire in sub-Saharan Africa, known for its wealth and the pilgrimage to Mecca by King Mansa Musa.

A

Mali Empire

26
Q

“Literally “witness,” these were individuals who the Roman authorities executed for maintaining their Christian beliefs instead of venerating (respecting) and obeying the Emperor.

A

Martyrs

27
Q

This was the first large-scale empire in India. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, a commoner who was influenced by the military success of Alexander the Great.

A

Mauryan Empire

28
Q

A political system in which one individual holds supreme power and passes that power on to his or her next of kin.

A

Monarchy

29
Q

Belief in only one god or goddess

A

Monotheism

30
Q

The seasonal winds that helped carve the Indus River Valley

A

Monsoons

31
Q

These spiritual tools from Shang dynasty China were made of bone or turtle shells, and were used to determine the will of the ancestors. The carvings on them are the basis for the Chinese writing system.

A

Oracle Bones

32
Q

The Egyptian writing material that is similar to paper

A

Papyrus

33
Q

A nomadic animal herder

A

Pastoralist

34
Q

The civilization that invented the alphabey

A

Phoenicians

35
Q

An eye-witness account of something that happened in the past

A

Primary Source

36
Q

Rome’s first wars of expansion outside of Italy were against Carthage, from which Rome quickly amassed new territory.

A

Punic Wars

37
Q

The structures that housed the Egyptian Pharaoh and his family after death.

A

Pyramids

38
Q

The earliest civilizations developed in similar fertile ecological locations called…

A

River Basins

39
Q

1600 miles of paved road that crossed the Persian Empire. Hostels and way stations along the route made it convenient for traders, travelers, and messengers.

A

Royal Roads

40
Q

The cultural blending of different societies into one recognizable culture that was developed in India based on Hindu spiritual beliefs expressed in Sanskrit language.

A

Sanskrit Cosmopolis

41
Q

Professional writers who kept records for rulers

A

Scribes

42
Q

Body of Islamic law and code of conduct that was developed over centuries, based on the Quran, the sayings of Muhammad, and the legal opinions of Muslim scholars.

A

Sharia

43
Q

More than 5000 miles of trade routes linking China, central Asia, and the Mediterranean.

A

Silk Roads

44
Q

Grasslands that were home to many nomadic pastoralist groups who sometimes came down from the steppes to raid settled civilizations.

A

Steppes

45
Q

The mystical form of Buddhism

A

Sufism

46
Q

Literally “color” in Sanskrit and is the basis for the racialized social hierarchy of the Vedic people in India.

A

Varna

47
Q

The warrior group from Scandinavia that used sophisticated ships to raid the coast of Western Europe and trade deep into Eastern Europe.

A

Vikings

48
Q

A new religious movement that originated in the Eastern Roman Empire after Jesus of Nazareth was executed by Roman authorities.

A

Christianity

49
Q

The common Greek dialect that became an international language across the regions influenced by Hellenism.

A

Koine

50
Q

Literally “sailing around.” A manual that preserved firsthand knowledge of navigation strategies and trading advice.

A

Periplus

H250 World Civilizations to 1750 (1 decks)

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