H102 - Rise of the State and the Dawn of Modern War

Question 1

Military Revolution - Murray and Knox’s Military Revolutions

Answer 1

Its defining feature is that it fundamentally changes the framework of war. Military revolutions recast society and the stat as well as military organizations. uncontrollable, upredictable, and unforeseeable. Has only happened five times in history. 1. Early Modern Revolution - rise of nation-state (ethnic, cultural, political unity). 2. French revolution - mass politics; people-in-arms. 3. Industrial/managerial revolution; mass production, bureaucratization. 4. World War I - merging of French Revolution and industrial revolution. 5. Nuclear Weapons

Question 2

Revolution in Military Affairs (RMAs) Defined

Answer 2

• Rarely brought about by dominant players
• gives immediate advantage to first nation to exploit them
• first to exploit is not always the first to invent
• not always technology-driven
• usually result from combinations rather than individual technologies
• most successful ones have three components: technology, doctrine, and organization
• may take a long time to develop
• often controversial until proven on the battlefield

Question 3

Murray and Knox RMA

Answer 3

• combined arm tactics
• strategic bombing
• carrier warfare
• submarine warfare
• amphibious warfare

Question 4

Medieval Society

Answer 4

• Hierarchical
• Limited social mobility-military/church. Military death, go up or stay the same. or church only chance for mobility upward. Nobleman upward or downward mobility. Monks most literate.
• Agriculturally based economy, 90% or more engaged in agriculture.
• Limited education, though universities are founded.

Question 5

Feudal Europe

Answer 5

• King (royal), Duke (noble), Baron (noble), Lord (noble), Knight (gentle), Serfs

Question 6

Medieval Warfare - military status = social status

Answer 6

• Highly individualized
• Extreme training or none (early age, polo)
• Private armies (belong to the king)
• Mercenaries (skilled infantry, scouts)
• Focused on shock cavalry (nobleman charging in on horseback)

Question 7

Feudal Array

Answer 7

• Heavy Cavalry
• Heavy (levy) Infantry
• Light Infrantry

Question 8

Renaissance

Answer 8

• First the Italians (Venice and Genoa rich from trade; so rich that they have free time.) Literacy emerges from reading.

Question 9

Armored Pikeman

Answer 9

• Begins where there is little feudal nobility

- Netherlands, Scotland, Switzerland (all have bad terrain for horses)

Question 10

Gunpowder “revolution”

Answer 10

• Arquebus and Flintlock (round lead ball)

Question 11

Revolution in Firepower?

Answer 11

Archer - 10 rounds per minute at 200 yds
Crossbow - 2 rounds, 125 yds
Arquebusier - 1 round, 100 yards
* change to arquebusier made because it is cheap

Question 12

Spanish Tercio

Answer 12

first tactical formation, 1000-3000 men

Question 13

Medieval Siegecraft

Answer 13

mud everywhere

Question 14

Fortress Transformed by Gunpowder

Answer 14

unpassable by land because of water, view covered 360 degrees

Question 15

Cannon transformed

Answer 15

big cannons

Question 16

Transformed cavalry

Answer 16

Caracole, zero wars won by this tactic.

Question 17

Planning and paying for Early Modern Warfare

Answer 17

King and Councilors, state tax revenues, customs, duties and direct taxes. Need loans and credit from Jews (jewelers, etc.), Feudal Levee, hired General, military sub-contracts, mercenary companies, freebooters.