H&N 3 Flashcards
Outer fibrous layer of the eye includes
cornea & sclera
middle vascular layer of the eye includes
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
inner sensory layer of the eye includes
Reitna
The crystalline lens divides the eye into an anterior and a posterior segment.
What is the name given to:
1. The watery fluid in the anterior segment?
2. The gel in the posterior segment?
- Aqueous humour
- Vitrous humour
optic disc vs fovea
optic disk = blind spot
fovea = focal point
function of the ciliary muscle + innervation
accommodation
Parasympathetic CNiii
what muscles dilate & constrict the pupil & raises eyelid
+ innervation
Sphincter pupillae -> constriction
Dilator papillae -> dilation
levator palbebri superioris
parasympathetic CNiii/sympathetic
3 functions of the
- superior rectus
- inferior rectus
- Superior oblique
- Inferior oblique
- Elevation, adduction, intortion
- Depression, extortion, adduction
- Depression, intortion, abduction
- Elevation, extortion, abduction
Name the ligaments that prevent over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye & state their function
The suspensory ligament/Lockwood’s ligament
connects the ciliary body of the eye with the lens, holding it in place
Name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye.
Which foramina in the orbit do the ophthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity
the ophthalmic artery
ophthalmic veins exit the orbit via the superior orbital fissure
lacrimal gland function + parasympathetic innervation
Fluid is continually secreted from the lacrimal gland and moved across the eyeball
parasympathetic innervation = facial nerve
Into which meatus of the nasal cavity does the lacrimal sac drain
lacrimal sac drains into the nasolacrimal duct in the nasolacrimal canal of the maxilla
nasolacrimal duct empties into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity
name & describe the visual field defect if nasal fibres
Bitemporal hemianopia: outer aspect of vision lost in both visual field (tunnel vision)
- What types of joints are found between the ossicles
- what ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane
- what ossicle is in contact with the oval window
Name two muscles related to the ossicles & their function
- Gliding synovial joints
- The malleus
- The stapes
a. Stapedius: stabilize the stapes. It dampens vibrations passed to the cochlea
b. Tensor tympani: tenses the tympanic membrane, dampening loud noise
Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie & which part surrounds the external auditory opening
petrous part of the temporal bone contains the inner and middle ear
The tympanic part of the temporal bone surrounds the external auditory opening, which leads into the external auditory meatus of the external ear.
What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?
What is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth
perilymph
end-lymphatic fluid
what makes up the membranous labyrinth + function of the vestibule
vestibule= utricle & saccule
balance & proprioception
what are jugular lymph trunks & where do they drain into
small short paired lymphatic trunks, each one draining one side of the head and neck
RHS- drain into the right lymphatic duct
LHS - drain into the thoracic duct
Efferent lymphatic vessels from all of the groups of lymph nodes in the head and neck carry lymph to where
the deep cervical nodes.
where is Virchow’s Node and what is its clinical significance
Left Supraclavicular region- receives the lymphatic drainage from the Abdominal cavity and hence can be a sign of disease elsewhere in the body e.g. gastric cancer
what is the Pterion
weak area; junction where 4 bones meet:
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Sphenoid
what bone is the sella turcica part of and what runs through it
- the sphenoid bone
- pituitary gland
what goes through the Carotid canal
Internal carotid artery & sympathetic plexus
what goes through the Foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery & vein
see at end of WB 3
a) Vomer
b) Occipital bone
c) Temporal bone
d) Palatine bone
e) Medial pterygoid
f) lateral pterygoid
g) paletine process of the maxilla
At what age do the fontanelles fuse
Posterior fontanelle (fuses first): 1-2 months
Anterior fontanelle: 9-18 months
