H& E micro b Flashcards
The appearance of Koplickk spots can be identified with what disease?
Measles
True pr False? The family classification for the measles virus is morbillivirus while the genus classification is paramyxoviridae.
FALSE!!! The family classification - Paramyxoviridae
Genus classification - morbillivirus
How long is the incubation period for Measles ?
10-14 days
What is the duration of the Prodromal phase in Measles?
2-3 days
When does the prodromal begin after exposure?
9 to 10 days after exposure
Which disease is associated with Hirschberg spots ?
Measles
What is the incubation period in rubella?
16 to 21 days
What is the Incubation period for Herpes?
4 days
True or False? HSV is cleared by neurons.
FALSE!! It is not cleared by any neurons and the ganglia become lifelong reservoirs of virus.
What is a primary infection for individual who is inferred with Herpes virus?
First infection with either HSV1 or 2 in an individual with no pre-existing antibodies to either type.
* lesions and severe systemic symptoms are typically present
What is a non-primary infection for individual who is inferred with Herpes virus?
First infection with either HSV1 or 2 in an individual with pre-existing antibodies to the other type.
* which typically mitigate the severity of HSV-2 symptoms.
What is the gold standard method used in diagnosis of Herpes?
Virus culture
What is the incubation period for Varicella- Zoster virus ( chicken- pox) ?
10-21 days
What is the test of choice for VZV?
PCR testing
What criteria is used to diagnose Infectious mononucleosis?
Hoagland’s criteria
Fill in the blanks.” IgG antibodies following primary infection have ________. “
Low avidity
Fill in the blanks. “ IgG antibodies mature over 2-4 months to _______”
High avidity
What are examples of Helminths infections of the GI tract?
- Soil transmitted helminths
- Hookworms
-Necator americanus – “New World” - Ancylostoma duodenale – “Old world”
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Trichuris trichiura
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Enterobius vermicularis
What is the largest group of Helminths infecting humans?
Phylum NEMATODA (“roundworms”)
Which hookworm is a dog hookworm?
A. caninum
True or False? Female hookworms are smaller.
FALSE!! Male hookworms are smaller.
Which stage of hookworm larvae penetrates the skin of new host?
Filariform lava ( L3 or J3)
Which hookworm has 2 pairs of cutting teeth?
Ancylostoma duodenale
Which hookworm has 2 slicing blades?
Necator americanus
What are the clinical features of Acute hookworm diseases?
- Tissue necrosis within the mouth of the worm .
- Blood loss
- Patients present
fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea with dark stool, weakness and pallor.
What is the main symptom of Chronic hookworm disease?
Iron deficiency anaemia with pallor
What is the treatment of S. stercoralis?
Albendazole
Ivermectin
What is the most prevalent Helminth infection in the Caribbean?
Trichuris trichiura
What are the symptoms of Trichuris dysentery syndrome?
- Diarrhoea
- Anaemia
- Stunting
- Bloody stools
- Geophagia
- Rectal prolapse - oedema of rectum
- Finger Clubbing
- Impaired cognitive development
What are examples of the Non-opportunistic protozoan/protists?
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
What are the examples of the opportunistic coccidia?
- Cryptosporidium spp.
- Cyclospora cayatenensis
- Cytoisospora belli (Isospora belli)
Which protozoa is the emerging causes of neurological and intestinal infections ?
Microsporidia
What is the causative agent in Amoebiasis?
Entamoeba histolytica
What are the clinical features of Intestinal amoebiasis?
-Mimics ulcerative colitis
colicky abdominal pain
Tenesmus
Flatulence
weight loss
anorexia
chronic fatigue
How are amoeba cysts killed?
Drying, superchlorination, heat>55oC
How many nuclei are present within a cyst of Entamoeba histolytica?
4 nuclei
What is the mechanism of reproduction for Giardia Trophozoites?
Binary fission
What is the treatment for Giardia?
Metronidazole
What is the infectious dose of Giardia?
10 cysts
What is the major parasite found in Pigs?
Balntidium coli
What is the treatment for B.coli?
Carbasone or tetracycline diiodohydroxyquin
What is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in the world?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm
At what time is the best time to take a sample from suspected W. bancrofti infection?
At night , 10:00 p.m. - 4: 00 a.m.
What is the treatment of W. bancrofti?
- Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
- Kills adults and microfilariae
- Ivermectin
- Effective against microfilariae but not adults
- Ivermectin + albendazole
True or False? Taenia solium has has 7 to 13 primary lateral branches.
TRUE!!
True or False? Taenia saginata has 15 to 20 primary lateral branches.
TRUE !!
What are the three main species of Schistosomiasis affecting humans?
- Schistosoma mansoni – sub Saharan Africa and Americas.
- Schistosoma haematobium – Africa and Middle East.
- S. japonicum - China, the Philippines, and Sulawesi
What is the treatment for schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
What is another name for Acute schistosomiasis?
Katayama’s fever
What are the clinical features of Acute schistosomiasis?
Fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatospenomegaly, and eosinophilia
Occasionally CNS lesions occur
What are the clinical features of Chronic schistosomiasis?
- Colonic polyposis with bloody diarrhea.
- Portal hypertension with haematemesis and splenomegaly.
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Glomerulonephritis
- CNS lesions
What is the aetiology of Scabies?
Sarcoptes scabei
What is the treatment for Norwegian scabies?
- Topical salicylic acid cream
- Topical DDT/benzocain-benzoate preparation for 7 days
- Single 200 microgram/Kg dose of ivermectin
What is the treatment of Scabies?
5% permethrin cream (Elimite)
1% gamma benzene hexachloride
What is the causative agent for head and body lice?
- Pediculus humanus capitis
- Pediculus humanus corporis
What are diseases transmitted by body lice?
- Epidemic typhus - Rickettsia prowazekii
- Trench fever - Bartonella quintana
- Epidemic relapsing fever - Borrelia recurrentis
What is the frontline drug for Malaria?
Chloroquine
