H and N week 1 WET Flashcards
what are the 3 parts of the bony skull?
- Neurocranium 2. Facial skull 3. Mandible
What are the 3 layers in the structure of a skull bone?
spongy bone sandwiched between 2 layers compact bone
what does the saggital suture separate?
the two parietal bones
what does the lambdoid suture separate?
Occipital and parietal bone
what does the coronal suture separate?
Frontal and parietal bone
what is the pterion?
H shaped formation of sutures connecting the frontal parietal sphenoid and temporal bones
whats the clinical significance of the pterion?
weakest part of the skull
What is this prominence?
Occipital protruberance
Whats this ?
The mastoid process
Whats this?
The zygomatic arch
whats this?
the styloid process
whats this?
the occipital condyles
indentify the fossae?
anterior, middle , posterior
identify the wings of the sphenoid bone?
greater and lesser wings
identify the pterygoid plates and what bone is this?
Sphenoid bone
which cranial fossa is the foramen magnum in?
the posterior cranial fossa
name 2 structures that pass through the formmen magnum
- Right and left spinal arteries
- Cranial nerve XI
Label the sinuses
what are the 3 ear ossicles?
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
Identify the parts of this bone
what is the part highlighted?
Petrous part of the temporal bones
What are the boundaries of the scalp?
anteriorly- eyebrows
posteriorly - superior nuchal lines
laterally- superior temporal line
what bone is the superior nuchal line a part of?
occipital bone
which two bones form the zygomatic arch?
Temporal and zygomatic
What type of joint is the zygomaticotemporal?
Oblique suture
Name the 5 layers of the scalp
SCALP acronym
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium (membrane that covers the outer surface of bones)
what two things does the epicranial aponeurosis connect?
the anterior and posterior bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle
whats the action of the occipitofrontalis?
elevation of the eyebrows (wrinkles forehead)
Whats the nerve supply to the scalp?
Anterior half is via the trigeminal nerve
Posterior half is via C2 and C3
What types of fibres are in V1, V2, V3 ?
V1 - purely sensory
V2 - purely sensory
V3 - sensory and motor
label the dermatomes
label the dermatomes
in which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present?
(Dense) connective tissue
which layer damage would cause scalp wounds to bleed profusely?
dense connective tissue
whats the suprtrochlear artery a branch of?
ICA
whats the supra-orbital artery a branch of?
ICA
Whats the superficial temporal artery a branch of?
ECA
whats the posterior auricular artery a branch of?
ECA
whats the occipital artery a branch of?
ECA
which vein is bigger, IJV or EVJ?
IJV is big
EJV is thin
What two veins do most of the veins that drain the scalp drain into?
EJV and IJV
name 4 veins of the scalp that drain into the IJV and EJV
- surpaorbital vein
- supratrochlear vein
- facial vein
- superficial temporal vein
whats diploe?
spongy bone between two layers of cortical bone in the skull
whats the complication of a scalp infection that can arise due to emissiary veins?
Extracrianial infections can become intracranial infections due to spread via emissiary veins
are muscles of facial expression superficial or deep?
superficial
where do muscles of facial expression attach?
originate from the skull and attach to the skin
name 5 muscles of facial expression in this diagram
- occipitofrontalis
- buccinator
- orbicularis oculi
- orbicularis oris
- platysma
how are the muscles of facial expression innervated?
Facial nerve supplies em all
which foramen does the facial nerve pass through?
stylomastoid foramen
what are the bony points on the sides of the stylomastoid foramen?
- styloid process
- mastoid process
what is the salivary gland on the side of the face?
Parotid gland
name the 3 pairs of salivary glands
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual
what type of gland is the parotid?
exocrine (salivary)
whats the course of the parotid duct?
runs from gland then superficial to masseter and then pierces the buccinator to open into the oral cavity via the parotid papilla which lies across the second superior molar
name a vein artery and nerve entering or leaving the parotid gland
- facial nerve
- Facial artery
- facial vein
whats the sympathetic and parasympathetic supply for the parotid gland?
Symp - external carotid nerve plexus
Para- glossopharyngeal nerve
name the arteries of the face
main one to know is the facial artery
