H and N oncology key points Flashcards
aetiology
PREV SCC cigarettes alcohol betel/pan OH diet
viruses that can contribute
HIV - Kaposi sarcoma
EBV - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
HPV - oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
oropharynx
base of tongue
tonsil
SP
red flags for malignancy
ulcer persists >2wks from removal of any obvious causation rolled margins, central necrosis speckled appearance cervical lymphadenopathy - fixed worsening pain referred pain weight loss
LNs 1a
submental
LNs 1b
submandibular
LNs 2
upper jugular chain
LNs 3
mid jugular chain
LNs 4
lower jugular chain
Lugol’s iodine
highlights dysplastic tissues
- abnormal cells which could become malignant
WHO performance scale - 0
fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction
WHO performance scale - 1
restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature
WHO performance scale - 2
ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities
up and about >50% of waking hours
WHO performance scale - 3
capable of only limited self-care, confined to bed/chair >50% waking hours
WHO performance scale - 4
completely disabled, cannot carry on any self-care
totally confined to bed/chair