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Acid Base > H > Flashcards

H Flashcards

1
Q

What are the neurological manifestations of both metabolic and respiratory acidosis

A

Lethargy
Confusion
Dizziness
Headache
Coma

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2
Q

How does acidosis of either type affect blood pressure

A

It decreases blood pressure

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3
Q

What cardiovascular manifestation can be expected with respiratory acidosis

A

V fib
Warm flushed skin

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4
Q

What cardiovascular manifestation is related to metabolic acidosis

A

Dysrythmias related to hyperkalemia
Cold clammy skin

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5
Q

What cardiovascular manifestation is related to metabolic acidosis

A

Dysrythmias related to hyperkalemia
Cold clammy skin

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6
Q

What are the gastrointestinal manifestations of respiratory acidosis

A

There are none

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7
Q

What are the gastrointestinal symptoms related to metabolic acidosis

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

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8
Q

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany respiratory acidosis

A

Siezures

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9
Q

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany metabolic acidosis

A

Muscle weakness

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10
Q

What respiratory symptoms accompany respiratory acidosis

A

Hypoventallation with hypoxia

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11
Q

What respiratory symptoms accompany metabolic acidosis

A

Deep rapid respirations

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12
Q

What are the neurological symptoms that come with respiratory and metabolic alkalosis

A

Confusion
Headache

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13
Q

What neurological symptoms accompany respiratory alkalosis

A

Dizziness
Lightheadedness

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14
Q

What neurological symptoms come with metabolic alkalosis

A

Irritability
Lethargy

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15
Q

What cardiovascular symptoms come from both respiratory and metabolic alkalosis

A

Tachycardia
dysrythmias related to hypokalemia

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16
Q

What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Epigastric pain

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17
Q

What gastrointestinal problems come with metabolic alkalosis

A

Nausea
vomiting
Anorexia

18
Q

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany respiratory alkalosis

A

Tetany
Numbness
Tingling of extremities
Hyperreflexia
Seizures

19
Q

What neuromuscular symptoms accompany metabolic alkalosis

A

Tetany
Tremors
Tingling of fingers and toes
Muscle cramps, hypertonic muscles
Seizures

20
Q

What respiratory symptoms accompany respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation

21
Q

What respiratory symptoms accompany metabolic alkalosis

A

Hypoventallation

22
Q

What symptoms accompany hypomagnesemia

A

Muscle cramps
Tremors
Hyperactive reflexes
Chvosteks and trousseaus sign
Confusion
Vertigo
Seizures
Torsades depointes
V fib

23
Q

Causes of hypomagnesemia

A

Prolonged fasting
Chronic alcoholism
Fluid loss from GI tract
Prolonged PN without supplementatio
Diuretics
Proton pump inhibitors
Hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis

24
Q

Hyper magnesiemia caused by

A

Increased intake of magnesium while renal insufficiency or failure is present

Excess IV magnesium administration

25
Q

Symptoms of hypermagnesemia

A

Hypotension
Facial flushing
Nausea and vomiting
Impaired deep tendon reflexes
Muscle paralysis
Respiratory and cardiac arrest

26
Q

Hypo phosphatemia symptoms

A

CNS depression
Muscle weakness and pain
Respiratory and heart failure
Rickets and oseteomalacia

27
Q

Hypophosphotemia caused by

A

Malnourishment malabsorption
Diarrhea
Use of phosphate binding antacids
Inadequate replacement during paraenteral nutrition
Decreased intestinal absorption
Incresead urinary excretion
Receding syndrome

28
Q

Hyper phosphatemia caused by

A

Acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease
Excess intake of phosphate orvitaminD
Hypo parathyroidism

29
Q

Hyper phosphatemia manifestations

A

Tetany
Muscle cramps
Paresthesias
Hypotension
Dysrythmias
Seizures
Hypocalcemia
Calcified deposits in soft tissue such as joints arteries skin kidneys and corneas

30
Q

Hypocalcemia caused by

A

Decreased production of PTH
Multiple blood transfusions
Alkalosis
Increased calcium loss

31
Q

Manifestations of hypocalcemia

A

Tetany
Positive T or C sign
Laryngeal stridor
Dysphagia
Numbness
Dysrythmias

32
Q

Hypercalcemia caused by

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Cancer

33
Q

Hypercalcemia manifestations

A

Fatigue
Lethargy
Weakness
Confusion
Hallucinations
Seizures
Coma
Dysrythmias
Bone pain or fracture
Nephrolithasis
Polyuria
Dehydration

34
Q

Hypokalemia manifestations

A

Cardiac
Skeletal muscle weakness
Weakness of respiratory muscle
Decreased GI motility
Hyperglycemia

35
Q

Hypokalemia caused by

A

Increased potassium loss via kidneys or GI tract

Increased shift of potassium from ECF to icf

Renal losses from loop or potassium depleting diuretics

Low magnesium levels

36
Q

Hyperkalemia manifestations

A

Life threatening arrhythmias
Fatigue
confusion
Tetany
Muscle cramps
Weak or paralyzed skeletal muscles
Abdominal cramping or diarrhea

37
Q

Hyperkalemia causes

A

Impaired renal excretion
Potassium shift from icf to ECF
Massive potassium intake
Some drugs
Most common cause is renal failure

38
Q

Hyponatremia manifestations

A

Headache
Irritability
difficulty concentrating
Confusion
Vomiting
Seizures
Coma
Death is possible

39
Q

Hyponatremia causes

A

Loss of sodium containing fluids
Water excess
Fluid shift out of ECF into icf
Draining wounds
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Adrenal insufficiency
Excess use of hypotonic IV fluids
SIADH causes water retention

40
Q

Hypernatremia manifestations

A

Thirst
Altered mental status
Ortho hypotension
Tachycardia
Weakness

41
Q

Causes of hypernatremia

A

Inadequate water intake
Excess water loss
Sodium gain

Acid Base (1 decks)

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