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gynecology > gynecology > Flashcards

gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

sacrum in male is flat with narrow iliac
true or false?

A

true

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2
Q

sacrum in female is concave and wider iliac
true or false?

A

true

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3
Q

what are the bones of the pelvis?

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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4
Q

which gland is responsible for hormonal changes and birth in women

A

ovary gland

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5
Q

which parts of the pelvis is connected posteriorly to the sacroiliac joint?

A

ilium

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6
Q

which bone of the pelvis is placed anteriorly and inferiorly ?

A

pubis-ischium

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7
Q

false pelvis is inferior to true pelvis
true or false?

A

false, superior to true pelvis

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8
Q

the pelvis bones are thicker in females
true or false?

A

false, thinner and lighter

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9
Q

outlet in females is large
true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

pubic arch is more rounded in females
true or false?

A

true

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11
Q

sacrum in females is shorter and more curved
true or false?

A

false, less curved

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12
Q

pubic symphysis is a cartilage
true or false?

A

true

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13
Q

how the pubic symphysis can be dilated?

A

by relaxin hormone

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14
Q

what is the pain during menstruation is called?

A

dysmenorrhea

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15
Q

how many orifices in female?

A

urinary and vagina from Infront and rectum from back

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16
Q

which ligament is the major support for the pelvis?

A

cardinal ligament

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17
Q

how can we treat with small pubic arch angle in delivery?

A

by vacumming

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18
Q

what is the urogenital triangle?

A

perineal membrane covering the deep transverse perineal muscle

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19
Q

what are pelvic diaghragm muscles?

A

levator ani and coccygeus

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20
Q

for pelvic is innervated by which level of spinal cord?

A

s2-s4

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21
Q

estrogen and progesterone are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland
true or false?

A

false, from ovary

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22
Q

FSH stimulates the growth of the follicle
true or false?

A

true

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23
Q

when LH is seen ?

A

peek of ovulation

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24
Q

which hormone makes the cycle regular?

A

progestrone

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25
Q

polycystic disease is because of what?

A

lack of progestrone

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26
Q

the increase of estrogen will inhibit what?

A

FSH hormone for feedback

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27
Q

from which estradiol and progesterone are secreted?

A

from the empty follicle which becomes corpus luteum

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28
Q

nonfertility cycle becomes what?

A

corpus albicans

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29
Q

when the GNRH hormone is activated

A

by high level of estrogen

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30
Q

gonad stat inhibits late menstruation
true or false?

A

false, early

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31
Q

the ovaries in children are polycystic
true or false?

A

true until 11-12 years old

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32
Q

what is called when a girl at 20 years old has early stage of sexual maturation?

A

adrenarch

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33
Q

what does puberty contain?

A

thelarche
adrenarche
menarche
growth

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34
Q

what is the first sign of puberty?

A

growth acceleration

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35
Q

with high level of estrogen in young age will increase the growth
and with low level of estrogen will inhibit the growth
true or false?

A

false, increase of estrogen inhibits growth
decrease of estrogen promotes growth

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36
Q

when the menarche occurs?

A

after the peak growth velocity

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37
Q

what causes adrenarche?

A

adrenal androgen hormones ACTH

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38
Q

LH is not working properly until age what?

A

16

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39
Q

list the stages of mature follicle

A

1st= ovum begins to develop
2nd= egg continues to ripen
3rd= ovulation fully mature egg bursts out of follicle
4rth0=egg enters fallopian tube 7 days

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40
Q

1-14 estrogen rises gradually
14-28 progesterone rises sharply
true or false?

A

true

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41
Q

mature endometrium is how much ?

A

7-14 mm in thickness

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42
Q

pre ovulation from which day t day?

A

5-13

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43
Q

no menstruation means what?

A

amenorrhea

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44
Q

no menstruation each month means what?

A

oligomenorrhea

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45
Q

more than a menstruation each month means what?

A

Polymenorrhea

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46
Q

what does PALM mean?

A

structural causes of the uterus

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47
Q

what does COIEN mean?

A

non structural causes of the uterus

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48
Q

what is called when the inner lining of the endometrium becomes into muscle wall ?

A

adenomyosis

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49
Q

what are the methods of contraception?

A

traditional
hormonal
barrier
IUD

50
Q

what is the traditional contraception?

A

coitus interrupts
postcoital douche
lactational amenorrhea
periodic abstinence

51
Q

what is the barrier contraception?

A

male/female condoms
vaginal diaphragm
cervical cap
spermic Dalis (cream)

52
Q

all the hormonal contraception have estrogen
true or false?

A

false, progesterone

53
Q

examples of hormonal contraception

A

oral progesterone
minipill
postcoital
injections, implantation, or transdermal routes

54
Q

what is mechanism of contraception for ovarian

A

do not ovulate

55
Q

what is mechanism of contraception for endometrium?

A

giving progesterone from the beginning the endometrium won’t be thick enough

56
Q

making the cervix dry will help in contraception
true or false?

A

true

57
Q

mechanism of contraception works against estrogen
true or false?

A

true

58
Q

how the mucus of cervical gets thicker?

A

by the progestrone effect

59
Q

list the mechanisms of IUD

A

1 foreign body reaction
2 leukocytes aggregate around IUD
3 hostile environments
4 spermicidal actions
5 progesterone interferes with implantation

60
Q

smoking over 35
severe headache
high blood pressure
seizures/ TB
which contraception can and can’t be used?

A

can injections or minipill
can’t use the pills

61
Q

stroke or diabetes conditions what contraception methods should be used?

A

she can’t use the pill or injections
she can use the minipill

62
Q

blood clots in legs or lungs
breast cancer
liver diseases
what contraception methods should be used?

A

just condoms

63
Q

what does perimenopause starts with?

A

irregular mensural cycle

64
Q

when the anovulation aperies and what does it mean?

A

aperies in perimenopause
it means when the ovaries do not release an oocyte

65
Q

FSH decreases in perimenopause
true or false?

A

false, increases

66
Q

estradiol increases then decreases over time in perimenopause
true or false?

A

true

67
Q

the perimenopause starts before 10 years of the actual menopause
true or false?

A

false, before 5 years

68
Q

hot flushes and night swelling
sleep disorder
mood changes
decrease of basal metabolism
and increase of BMI
are problems for what?

A

perimenopause

69
Q

changes in estrogen levels start in early postmenopausal
true or false?

A

true

70
Q

what is PAP smear test and when it is detected?

A

it is the cervical screening used to detect any precancerous and cancerous process

71
Q

what is the HRT

A

hormonal replacement therapy

72
Q

a woman who currently is not pregnant nor
has ever been pregnant.

A

Nulligravida

73
Q

a woman who currently is pregnant or has been
in the past, irrespective of the pregnancy outcome. With the
establishment of the first pregnancy

A

Gravida

74
Q

a woman who has never completed a pregnancy
beyond 20 weeks’ gestation. She may not have been pregnantor may have had a spontaneous or elective abortion(s)
or an ectopic pregnancy

A

Nullipara

75
Q

first pregnancy

A

primigravida

76
Q

successive pregnancies

A

multigravida.

77
Q

giving delivery of a fetus either death or alive after 20 wks

A

Partus-giving delivery of a fetus either death or alive after 20 wks

78
Q

ending of pregnancy before 20 wks or 500gm

A

Abortion-

79
Q

what are the signs of early pregnancy ?

A

amenorrhea
morning sickness
urinary symptoms
mastodynia

80
Q

which hormone is an indicator for early pregnancy?

A

HCG

81
Q

when is the enlargement of uterus seen during pregnancy?

A

12 week

82
Q

what is the diagnosis for mid and late pregnancy?

A

fetal movement during 18th-20th weeks

83
Q

when the ultrasonography is important to do ?

A

during 12-14 and 21-22 weeks1

84
Q

what don’t we see in down syndrome babies?

A

nasal bone

85
Q

blood pressure decreases 5-7mm in second trimester then returns to normal in third trimester
true or false?

A

true

86
Q

what is 12-14 test NT ?

A

nuchal translucency should be less than 2mm in first trimater

87
Q

what is Parturition

A

Coordinated uterine activity
Maturation of the fetus
Maternal lactation
Progressive cervical dilation

88
Q

with early delivery we can give what?

A

progesterone

89
Q

what is the duration of regular contractions?

A

30-60 seconds every 5 min

90
Q

dosage of oxytocin is important for what during labor?

A

to not make too musch contractions

91
Q

what is the normal attitude of the fetus?

A

flexed

92
Q

what is the best presentation for the fetus?

A

vertex flexed

93
Q

meaning of attitude?

A

relationship between fetal head and the spine

94
Q

meaning of lie?

A

relationship between longitudinal axis of fetus and mother

95
Q

longitudinal presentation results in what?

A

cephalic/breech

96
Q

transverse presentation results in what?

A

shoulder presentation

97
Q

what are the variations of breech presentation?

A

complete (easiest)
incomplete
frank

98
Q

list the cardinal movements of the labor

A

descents
flexion
IR
Extension
ER
expulsion

99
Q

when preterm labor happens

A

before 37 weeks

100
Q

what is the preterm ROM

A

spontaneous rupture of the fetal membrane before 37 weeks

101
Q

what is chorioamnionitis ?

A

intra amniotic infection
infection of the fetal membrane

102
Q

what are the 3 p

A

pelvic
passenger
power, for vaginal delivery

103
Q

when the c-section is applied

A

with cephalopelvic disproportion

104
Q

which fetuses in particular have face presentation?

A

anencephaly

105
Q

fetal skull just
above the orbital ridge presents related to which presentation?

A

brow

105
Q

fetal skull just
above the orbital ridge presents related to which presentation?

A

brow

106
Q

fetal heart rate is below 100 to 110 bpm for longer than
2 minutes
it is called?

A

prolonged deceleration

107
Q

fetal heart rate is below 100 to 110 bpm for longer than 10 min it is called?

A

bradycardia

108
Q

-Bleeding In Early Pregnancy before?

A

20 weeks

109
Q

bleeding in early pregnancy causes

A

Abortion.
Vesicular mole.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Local lesions — cervical polyps — cervical cancer

110
Q

termination of pregnancy before 24 weeks or weighing below 500 grams is?

A

abortion

111
Q

abortions in the first 12
weeks of pregnancy result from?

A

chromosomal anomalies

112
Q

Spontaneous abortion occurs in 10-15% of pregnancy, 80% of them occur in?

A

first trimaster

113
Q

bleeding from
the genital tract between 28th week of pregnancy and
onset of labor is?

A

Antepartum hemorrhage

114
Q

Salpingectomy?

A

surgical removal of the fallopian tubes

115
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy?

A

pregnancy occurring outside the normal uterine cavity

116
Q

bleeding in late pregnancy is?

A

Antepartum hemorrhage
Placenta previa
Abruptio placenta Extraplacental bleeding cervical polyp

117
Q

placenta is partly or totally implanted over the lower
uterine segment is what?

A

placenta previa

118
Q

what are c-section indicators?

A

The patient has lost a large amount of blood.
Placenta of third and fourth degrees.
Old primigravida (pregnant for the first time) or multipara.
Posterior placenta previa.

119
Q

bleeding during the last three months of pregnancy,
the first or second stage of labor, due to premature
separation of a normally situated placenta is?

A

Abruptio Placenta

gynecology (2 decks)

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