Gynecologic Flashcards
1
Q
between which two organs does the uterus lie
A
bladder
rectum
2
Q
4 paired ligaments supporting uterus
A
broad
round
cardinal
uterosacal
3
Q
area of uterus above openings of tubes
A
fundus
4
Q
body of uterus communicates with cervix at…
A
internal os
5
Q
cervix communicating with vagina is…
A
external os
6
Q
3 layers of uterus
A
outer: serous
middle: myometrium
innter: endometrial
7
Q
salpinx
A
tube/trumpet
8
Q
purpose of tubes
A
ova from ovaries to uterus
9
Q
how do tubes move ova
A
peristalsis/ciliary movement
10
Q
right adnexa close to which 2 GI structures
A
cecum
appendix
11
Q
ligament suspends ovaries
A
ovarian ligament
12
Q
2 layers of ovaries
A
outer cortex
inner medulla
13
Q
layer of ovary containing nerves, blood, and lymph vessels
A
medulla
14
Q
layer of ovary containing follicles in different levels of maturity
A
cortex
15
Q
2 functions of ovaries
A
make ova
endocrine glands-hormones
16
Q
hormones produced by ovaries
A
estrogen: secondary sex characteristics, growth of uterine lining during period
progesterone: implantation of fertilized ovum, development of embryo
17
Q
what ligament is fallopian tube in
A
broad
18
Q
3 functions of vagina
A
sexual intercourse
menstrual bleeding
end of birth canal
19
Q
anterior vaginal wall is near…
A
bladder
urethra
20
Q
lower posterior vaginal wall close to…
A
rectum
21
Q
projection of cervix into vagina divides into regions
A
fornices: anterior, posterior, right and left lateral
22
Q
posterior fornix contacts
A
periotneum of cul-de-sac of Douglas pouch
23
Q
external organs of the vulva
A
labia minora, laabia majora, clitoris, vestiblue, bartholin’s glands, vaginal opening, urethral opening
24
Q
what bony structure is the mons pubis situated over
A
anterior symphysis pubis
25
what lies within labia majora
labia minora
26
homolog of penis
clitoris
27
vestibule openings for what structures
vaginal
urethral
28
2 paraurethral ducts on either side of urethral meatus
Skene's
29
glands & ducts on lower end of vagina
Bartholin's
30
self-retaining vaginal speculum
Grave's speculum/bivalved
31
weighted vaginal speculum
Auvard
32
3 types of uterine dilators
Hank
Hegar
Goodell
33
2 self-retaining abdominal retractors in GYN
O'Sullivan O'Connor
balfour and blade
34
why is a simple vulvectomy done and what is removed
carcinoma in situ (multicentric)
labia majora, minora, possibly clitoris
35
position and incision for simple vulvectomy
lithotomy
wide elliptical
36
lasers most commonly in GYN
CO2
ND:YAG
Argonp
37
2 procedures to remove vulvar structures, inguinal nodes, portion of round ligament & saphenous vein and skin from abd. and groin
radical vulvectomy
groin lymphadenectomy
38
position for radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy
supine
trendelenburg
low lithotomy
39
prep area for radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy
abdomen
thighs
vulva
40
urethral marker to prevent urethral postop damage in radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy
catheter
41
drains in radical vulvectomy/groin lymphadenectomy
closed-wound
catheter
42
cystocele procedure
anterior colporrhaphy
herniated bladder into anterior vaginal wall
43
rectocele procedure
posterior colporrhaphy
herniation of rectum into vagina
44
enterocele
hernia sac w/ intestine between anterior and posterior vaginal walls
45
instrument on vaginal tissue for A&P repair
allis / wide allis
46
vesicovaginal fistula is..
between bladder and vagina
47
2 apporaches for vesicovaginal fistula
vaginal
abdominal (transperitoneal)
48
rectovaginal fistula
rectum and vagina
vaginal approach
49
why is a vesicourethral suspension
urinary stress incontinence
50
difference between Marshall Marchetti and Burch procedures
Marshall: tack to symphysis pubis
Burch: cooper's ligament
51
procedure to repair deep laceratinos of cervix from childbirth
trachelorrhaphy
52
purpose of uterine sound in D&C
depth and direction of uterine cavity
53
procedure to aspirate uterine contents
suction curettage
54
why is a Shirodkar done
incompetenet cervix
55
suture in Shirodkar procedure
mersilene polyester tape around os of cervix
56
after colposcopy and punch biopsy how can conization be done
cryo, cautery, cold knife, loop electrosurgical, laser excisional
57
what is inserted vaginally when cesium is done for cancer
intracavitary implant and cesium needles
loaded in radiation dept
58
where is needle placed in culdocentesis...why
posterior vaginal fornix
intraperioneal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, tuboovarian abscess
59
how is a Bartholin's cyst treated
marsupiliazation
60
what is marsupialization
drain cyst in vagina create new ductal opening
61
endoscopic visualization of uterine cavity and tubal orifices
hysteroscopy
62
3 indications for hysteroscopy
abnormal bleeding, lost IUD, adhesions, fibroids, polyp
63
3 contraindications for hysteroscopy
pelvic infection
cervical malignancy
heavy bleeding
64
3 media used to distend uterus for hysteroscopy
hyskon
CO2
D5W
Sorbitol
Mannitol
Saline
65
2 complications of hysteroscopy media
hyponatremia
hypertension
66
instruments after hyskon
rinse in hot water
67
what does endometrial ablation treat and what is the goal
abnormal uterine bleeding
amenorrhea or reduced bleeding
68
2 sources of energy for endometrial ablation through hysteroscope
ESU, laser, microwave
69
3 contraindications for vaginal hysterectomy
large uterine tumor
pelvic malignancy
overlooked metastatic disease
70
in vag hyst what is done to facilitate dissection and decrease bleeding
infiltrate vaginal walls with normal saline or local anesthetic
71
endoscopic visualization of peritoneal cavity w/pneumo
position?
laparoscopy
lithotomy
72
if chromotubation is done what is placed in cervix
intrauterine cannula
73
liquids in normal saline to check tube patency
methylene blue
indigo carmine
74
how is tubal patency checked in laparoscopy
inject dye/contrast chromotubation
75
veress needle vs. hassan
needle: blind stab
hassan: valve of trocar sleeve make opening
76
what is LAVH, why does the surgeon use a laparoscope
lap assisted vag hyst: remove uterus from ligaments and vessel
visualize pelvis to see disease
77
what is removed in panhysterectomy
uterus, tubes, ovaries cervix, corpus
78
in TAH what is done with down below instruments
separate setup contamination
79
what are fibroids
benign tumors from myometrium
80
what is abdominal myomectomy? is uterus preserved?
remove single/multiple fibroids
yes
81
name for Wertheim procedure, what is done?
radical hysterectomy: uterus, tubes, ovaries, ligaments, upper vagina, lymph nodes
for malignancy
82
pelvic exenteration
rectum, sigmoid colon, bladder, distal ureters, internal iliacs, lateral brancehs, pelvic reproductive organs, lymph nodes, pelvic floor, peritoneum, levator muscle, perineum
83
what is created for urinary and bowel diversinos in pelvic exenteration
bladder: ileostomy
bowel: colostomy
84
what is oopherectomy and salpingo-oopherectomy
remove ovary and tube
85
tuboplasty and approaches
reconstruct tubes
open, laparoscopic
86
tubal ligation and 3 ways
interrupt tube continuity sterilization
coagulate, clip, silastic band
87
self-retaining retractor for tubal ligation w/minilaparotomy
large Graves bivalved speculum
88
2 hazards of performing abdominal surgery on pregnant patient
fetal injury: anesthesia
premature labor
89
C-section
deliver feteus from abdominal and uterine incisions
90
4 indications for C-section
failure to progress, malposition, abruptio placentae, uterine dysfunction
91
abruptio placenta/previa
placenta: premature detachment of placenta
previa: attachment low
92
position for C-section and why is right side elevated
supine w/ wedge
displace uterus from interior vena cava
93
incision for c-section
low transverse pfannensteil
94
why is speed important in c-section with anesthesia
fetal hypoxia-low blood pH (metabolic acidosis)
respiratory depression
95
what is used to extend incision in c-section
lister bandage scissors
fingers
96
when & why is bulb syringe used
after head comes through
suction mouth nose of amniotic fluid
97
why is oxytocin given, when, and how
uterine contraction before birth if natural
after birth in c-section (decrease size of uterus)
10-20 units IV or intrauterine
98
instruments used on uterine edge after infant is delivered
ring/pean forceps, pennington clamp
99
bartholin gland purpose
vaginal lube
100
why is a bimanual exam under anesthesia helpful
more relaxed, less painful
101
complication of GYN surgery that leads to loss of renal functino
severed ureters
102
schiller's test
stain vagina and cervical squamous epithelium with lugol's
103
lugol's turns normal tissue...
brown
104
when should lugol's not be used
iodine allergy
105
what layers are scraped in fraction d&C
endocervical
endometrial
106
2 positions for culdoscopy
lithoromy
knee-chest
107
indications for vaginal hysterectomy
uterine prolapse
pelvic relaxation/stress incontinence
myoma
irregular bleeding
premalignant lesion
