Gynaecology Flashcards
What is cervical ectropian?
Erosion of the transformation zone of the cervix. The columnar cells can change into squamous cells.
What are nabothian follicles?
Mucus filled cysts visible on the ectocervix
Do you have to remove endometrial polyps?
Must be removed in post menopausal women
What is ashermans syndrome?
irreversible damage to the single layer of the endometrium meaning that there is no longer any menstrual shedding. This can occur after curettage, evacuation or following secondary PPH.
What do you call fibroids that are bulging into the endometrial cavity?
Submucous fibroids
What do you call fibroids that are within the myometrium?
Intramural
What do you call fibroids that are in the outer border of the myometrium?
Subserosal
What is red degeneration of a fibroid?
Caused by an acute disruption to the blood flow to the fibroid. Classically occurs during the mid second trimester of pregnancy and presents with sudden onset pain and tenderness associated with mild fever and leucocytosis
What is hyaline degeneration of a fibroid?
The fibroid outgroes its blood supply and progresses to a central necrosis leaving cystic spaces at the centre
What are the risk factors for getting fibroids?
Nulliparity, obesity, family history, african
What kind of fibroid causes menorrhagia?
Submucous - these are distorting the endometrium
What is the first line investigation for fibroids?
Ultrasound
What are the treatement options for fibroids?
Menorrhagia + fibroids
- IUS (if no uterine distortion)
- Northisterone or progetseone injectable
- Hysteroscopic removal
- Hysterectomy
- Myomectomy with Uterine Artery Embolisation (best for fertility sparing)
How do you manage endometriosis?
NSAID/Mefanamic acid COCP Progesterones/IUS Danzol (rarely used) GNRH agonists (can add back with HRT) Laparoscopic surgery Historectomy and bilateral salpingo ooprectomy
What is adenomyosis?
Endometrial glands are found within the myometrium
