Gynaecology Flashcards
What is the first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea?
B-hCG - the most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy
What is the term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods?
Menometrorrhagia
What is the cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, and a history of D&C?
Asherman syndrome
What is the therapy for PCOS?
Weight loss and OCPs, consider metformin
What medication is used to induce ovulation?
Clomiphene citrate
What diagnostic step is required in a postmenopausal woman who presents with vaginal bleeding?
Endometrial biopsy
What are the indications for MEDICAL treatment of ectopic pregnancy?
Patient is stable
Enraptured ectopic pregnancy of <3.5cm at <6weeks gestation
What are the medical options for endometriosis?
OCPs
Danazol
GnRH agonists
What are the laparoscopic findings in endometriosis?
Powder burns
Chocolate cysts
Where is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?
Ampulla of the oviduct
How do you diagnose and follow a leiomyoma (fibroid)?
Ultrasound
What is the natural history of a leiomyoma?
Regresses after menopause
A patient presents with increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix. What is the likely diagnosis?
Trichomonal vaginitis
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
Oral metronidazole
What is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge?
Intraductal papilloma
What contraceptive methods prevent against PID?
Barrier contraception (OCP, maybe)
Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers?
Endometrial cancer
Estrogen receptor + breast cancer
A patient presents with recent PID and RUQ pain, what is on your differential?
Consider Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
A patient presents with itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple.
Patent disease (malignant)
What is the annual screening for women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer?
CA-125
Transvaginal ultrasonography
A 50-year-old woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Nonsurgical options?
Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence
A 30-year-old woman has unpredictable urine loss. Examination is normal. What are the medical options?
Anticholinergics (oxybutynin)
B-adrenergics (metaproterenol)
for urge incontinence
What lab value is suggestive of menopause?
Elevated serum FSH
What is the most common cause of infertility?
Endometriosis
Two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear?
What is the follow-up evaluation?
Colposcopy and endocervical curettage
Breast cancer type the increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts?
Lobular carcinoma in situ
