Gynaecology Flashcards
What is the first line treatment for menorrhagia?
The LNG-IUS
What is the first line treatment for endometriosis?
NSAIDs and/or paracetamol
What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?
- Obesity
- Nulliparity
- Early menarche
- Late menopause
- Unopposed oestrogen
- Diabetes mellitus
- Tamoxifen
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma
What medications should menopausal women suffering vasomotor symptoms be offered?
SSRI such as fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine or venlafaxine
What is the first line treatment for infertility in patients with PCOS?
Letrozole
How long before conception should methotrexate be stopped?
6 months
An ectopic pregnancy located in the _______ is most likely to rupture
Isthmus
What is the threshold for ectopic pregnancies to be managed surgically?
All ectopic pregnancies >35 mm in size or with a serum B-hCG >5,000IU/L
What drug is used to treat stress urinary incontinence when pelvic floor exercises have failed?
Duloxetine
Why should oxybutynin not be used in frail elderly patients?
Because it increases the risk of falls
What is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer?
HPV infection 16, 18 and 33
What are the features of Turner’s syndrome?
- Widely spaced nipples
- Short stature
- Primary amenorrhea
- Increased FSH/LH
- Congenital heart defects
What is cabergoline and when is it indicated?
A dopamine receptor agonist which inhibits prolactin production causing suppression of lactation.
Indicated in women who want to stop breastfeeding.
What is adenomyosis?
Where the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular walls of the uterus (myometrium)
What are the symptoms of adenomyosis?
- Menorrhagia
- Dysmenorrhoea
- Oligomenorrhea
- Pre-menstrual pelvic pain
- Feelings of heaviness/discomfort in the pelvis
- Dyspareunia
