Gynae emergencies

Question 1

State the different types of miscarriages

Answer 1

Threatened
Delayed/missed
Inevitable
Incomplete

Question 2

What are the features of a threatened miscarriage

Answer 2

• Painless, vaginal bleeding before 24 weeks (usually 6-9 weeks)
• Bleeding often less than menstruation
• Cervical os closed

Question 3

What are the features of a delayed/missed miscarriage

Answer 3

• Gestational sac contains a dead fetus before 20 weeks
• No symptoms of expulsion
• May experience light vaginal bleeding/discharge
• Usually no pain
• Cervical os closed
• Gestational sac>25mm and no embryonic/fetal part can be seen (aka blighted ovum/ anembryonic pregnancy)

Question 4

Features of an inevitable miscarriage

Answer 4

• Heavy bleeding, clots, pain
• Cervical os open
• Developing fetus will come away in the bleeding

Question 5

Features of an incomplete miscarriage

Answer 5

• Not all products of conception have been expelled
• Pain and vaginal bleeding
• cervical os open