Gynae Flashcards
Min. size ovarian cyst?
3cm
Name of the postovulatory phase?
Luteal
Name of preovulatary phase?
Follicular
What secretes FSH and LH?
Pituitary gland.
What do ovary and corpus luteum secrete?
Estrogen, estrogen and progesterone
Name 4 malignant ovarian mass features.
Papillary projections, solid components with vasc., thick septations, complex cyst with mural nodules/structures
3 benign ovarian mass features?
Peripheral vasc. only, simple cyst, thin septations
What is a hemorrhagic cyst?
Corpus luteum that failed to regress and filled with fluid. Most resolve in 8 weeks. Patterns of texture: fishnet, fluid on fluid levels, retracted clot
Describe an endometrioma.
Localised endometriosis on an ovary. Chocolate cyst. Uni or multi locular. Low level echoes. Looks similar haemorrhagic cyst. Can have punctate hyperechoic foci in walls.
Describe ovarian torsion.
Ovary twists on pedicle, blood flow loss. Venous system first to go, so can still have art flow. Enlarged ovary due to lack of venous drainage. Can infarct/necrotise due to lack of arterial supply.
Describe 2 most common ovarian neoplasms.
- Dermoid/Benign cystic teratoma. Made of all 3 types of germ cells (meso/ecto and endoderm). Contains hair, fat, teeth. Tip of iceberg sign. Focal dermal plug.
- Serous cystadenoma. Women in 450s and 50s. Simple cyst. Can be bilateral and quite large.
Explain hormone casacde that causes menses.
- Pit gland releases FSH which makes ovaries grow follicles.
- Ovaries release oestrogen which makes endo lining thicken.
- Feedback loop causes pit gland to switch to release LH. LH triggers ovulation.
- Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone, which makes endo secretory.
- If no pregnancy CL regress to albicans.
When is secretary phase?
Days 14 to 28.
When is endometrium minimal?
Days 6-8.
When is endometrium proliferative?
Days 7 to 14.
