gyn and GU Flashcards
tumor marker for screening for ovarian cancer
CA 125
management of noncommunicating hydroceles in infants
monitor till age 1; if doesnt resolve then surgery
what is the lymphatic drainage of the testes
left side drains to paraaortic nodes
right side drains to paracaval and interaortocaval
tumor markers for testis cancer
alpha fetoprotein, LDH, beta HCG
most common etiology for development of ectopic pregnancy
PID
most common extracolonic tumor of Lynch syndrome
endometrial cancer
acceptable maximum dose of ionizing radiation during an entire pregnancy
5 rad (0.05 Gy)
when is fetus most at risk from radiation exposure
before 15 weeks
antibiotic prophylaxis prior to c -section to prevent endometriosis and wound infections:
IV cefazolin and azithromycin
most common complication of hydrocelectomy
hematoma
most common site of ureteral injury during hysterectomy
at the level of the uterine arteries
contraindications to methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy
renal failure; breastfeeding
when is lymphadenectomy recommended for uterine cancer
serous/clear cell/high grade histology
myometrial invasion >50%
large uterine tumor >2cm diameter
relative contraindications to methotrexate for ectopic
HGC>5000, fetal cardiac activity, ectopic >3.5cm
most common indication for total abdominal hysterectomy
leiomyoma (fibroid)
complete surgical staging of endometrial cancer includes:
TAHBSO, peritoneal washout, and lymph node sampling
adult hydroceles are usually what type
noncommunicative - result from abnormal accumulation of fluid in a closed cavity
infant hydroceles are usually what type
communicative - patent processus vaginalis resulting in free flow of fluid
treatment of bladder cancer that does not invade past mucosa (T1)
transurethral resection of tumor and intravesical BCG
treatment of communicating hydrocele
high ligation of patent processus vaginalis
most common site of metastasis for renal cell carcinoma
lung
what drug has been shown to improve survival for patients with metastatic prostate cancer refractory to hormone therapy
docetaxel
treatment of localized prostate cancer
surgery, radiation and surveillance
what is a radical inguinal orchiectomy
remove of testicle and spermatic cord en block through an inguinal incision; treatment of suspected testicular tumor
primary modalities for treating advanced cervical cancer
radiation and chemotherapy
features of seminoma compared to nonseminoma
seminoma has more favorable prognosis; metastatic disease is radiosensitive
most common complication of hysterectomy
bladder injury
Treatment of small (<4cm) tubo-ovarian abscess:
IV antibiotics
Treatment of large (>7cm) tubo-ovarian abscess:
drainage
What medication reduces frequency of recurrent calcium oxalate stone formation:
potassium citrate
True or false. A period of 12 months of watchful waiting is warranted for a communicating hydrocele.
true
True or false. Adult hydroceles are usually noncommunicative.
True
Complications of posterior hip dislocation:
avascular necrosis of the femoral head; sciatic nerve injury
Most common histology on primary testis tumors:
seminoma
Common cancer that involves the bilateral testis:
lymphoma
