Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gynecology > Gyn > Flashcards

Gyn Flashcards

1
Q

Round ligament

A

allows anteversion of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Broad ligament

A

contains uterine vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infundibular ligament (IP)

A

contains ovarian artery, nerve, and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cardinal ligament

A

holds cervix and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pregnancy

A

can see on US at 6 weeks
fetal pole usually seen with bHCG of 6,000
gestational sac seen with bHCG of 1,500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Missed abortion

A

1st trimester bleeding, closed os, positive sac on US, no heart beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Threatened

A

1st trimester bleeding, positive heart beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incomplete

A

tissue protrudes through os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ectopic

A

acute abdominal pain; +bHCG, negative US for sac; missed period, vaginal bleeding and hypotension
RFs: previous tubal manipulation, PID, previous ectopic
- significant shock and hemorrhage can occur -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endometriosis

A

symptoms: dysmenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia; can involve rectum and cause bleeding during menses (scope shows blue mass); ovaries most common site
Tx: OCPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

most commonly occurs in first 1/2 of menstrual cycle
Dx: cervical motion tenderness, cervical cultures, Gram stain
Tx: ceftriaxone, doxycycline
Gonococcus - diplococci
Chlamydia - granuloma lypmphadenopathy
Complications: infertility, ectopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Syphilis

A

positive dark-field microscopy, chancre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mittelschermz

A

rupture of graafian follicle; causes pain that can be confused with appendiciits; occurs 14 days after 1st day of menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vaginal cancer

A

1 primary - squamous cell CA

DES - can cause clear cell CA of vagina
Botryoides - rhabdosarcoma that occurs in young girls
XRT - used for most cancers of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vulvar cancer

A

elderly, nulliparous, obese; usually unilateral

  • tx: < 2cm (stage I) - WLE and ipsilateral inguinal node dissection; > 2cm (stage II or greater) - vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal dissection, postop XRT if close margins < 1cm
  • Pagets VIN III or higher - premalignant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ovarian cancer

A

leading cause of gyn death; symptoms: bloating, distension, pelvic pain, pelvic pressure, change in stool habits, change in urinary habits, abnormal vaginal bleeding

  • decrease risk with OCPs and b/l tubal ligation
  • increase risk with nulliparity, late menopause, early menarche, perineal talc use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of ovarian cancer

A

teratoma; granulosa-theca (estrogen secreting, precocious puberty); Sertoli-Leydig (androgens, masculinization); struma ovarii (thyroid tissues); choriocarcinoma (beta-HCG); mucinous; serous; papillary; clear cell type (worst prognosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Staging of Ovarian cancer

A 
Stage I - one or both ovaries only
Stage II - limited to pelvis
Stage III - spread throughout abdomen
Stage IV - distant mets
- most common initial site of regional spread is other ovary
19
Q

Treatment of ovarian cancer

A

total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oopherectomy for all stages; pelvic and para-aortic LN dissection; omentectomy; 4 quadrant washes; chemo cisplatin and paclitaxel (taxol)

20
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

stomach CA that has metastasized to ovary; path shows signet ring cells

21
Q

Meige’s syndrome

A

pelvic ovarian fibroma that causes ascites and hydrothorax (excision of tumor cures syndrome)

22
Q

Endometrial cancer

A

most common malignant tumor in female genital tract; risk factors: nulliparity, late 1st pregnancy, obesity, tamoxifen, unopposed estrogen; vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal pt is endometrial ca until proved otherwise; uterine polyps have very low change of malignancy (0.1%); serous and papillary subtypes - worst prognosis

23
Q

Staging and Treatment Endometrial Cancer

A

Stage I - Endometrium; TAHBSO or XRT
Stage II - Cervix; TAHBSO or XRT
Stage III - Vagina, peritoneum, ovary; TAHBSO and XRT
Stage IV - bladder and rectum; TAHBSO and XRT

24
Q

Cervical cancer

A

goes to obturator nodes 1st; assoc with HPV 16, 18; squamous cell CA most common

25
Q

Staging of Cervical Cancer

A

Stage I - cervix; TAH
Stage II - upper 2/3 of vagina; IIa TAH; IIB XRT
Stage III - pelvis, side wall, lower 1/3 of vagina, hydronephrosis; XRT
Stage IV - bladder and rectum; XRT
- microscopic disease without basement membrane invasion - cone biopsy (conization)

26
Q

Treatment of cervical cancer

A
  • microscopic disease without basement membrane invasion: cone biopsy (conization)
  • stage I and IIa: total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH)
  • stages IIb to IV: XRT
27
Q

Ovarian cysts postmenopausal patient

A
  • if septated, has increase vascular flow on Doppler, has solid components, or has papillary projections –> oophorectomy with intraoperative frozen sections; TAH if ovarian cancer
  • if none of above are present, follow with ultrasound for 1 year –> if persists or gets larger –> oophorectomy with intraoperative frozen sections; TAH if ovarian cancer
28
Q

Ovarian cysts premenopausal patient

A
  • if septated, has increase vascular flow on doppler, has solid components, or has papillary projections –> oopherectomy with intraoperative frozen sections (algorithm very complicated after this, weighing how aggressive the cancer is compared with desire for future pregnancy)
  • if none of above are present, can follow with US; surgery if suspicious findings appear
29
Q

Incidental ovarian mass at time of laparotomy for another procedure (postmenopausal patient)

A

*oopherectomy, frozen section, TAH, BSO if ovarian cancer at time of initial surgery

30
Q

Incidental ovarian mass at time of laparotomy for another procedure (premenopausal patient)

A

*much more complicated; likely will need partial oophorectomy and frozen section; if cancer removal of tube and ovary (need to have gyn look at this); then determine whether patient wants children, if not go with TAH (usually at second procedure)

31
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding < 40 y old

A

anovulation; tx medroxyprogesterone; if leiomyomas tx with GnRH

32
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding > 40 y old

A

cancer or menopause; need biopsy

33
Q

contraindications to estrogen therapy

A

endometrial cancer, active thromboembolic disease, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, breast cancer

34
Q

Uterine endometrial polyp

A

can present as progressively heavier menses

35
Q

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)

A

under hormonal influence; recurrent abortions, infertility, and bleeding

36
Q

most common vaginal tumor

A

invasion from surrounding or distant structure

37
Q

appendicitis with pregnancy

A

increase risk of premature labor and fetal mortality

38
Q

hydatidiform mole

A

malignancy risk with partial mole; complete mole is of paternal origin; tx: chemo (methotrexate)

39
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

fever, erythema, diffuse desquamation, nausea, vomiting; associated with highly absorbent tampons

40
Q

Ovarian torsion

A

tx: remove torsion and check for viability

41
Q

adnexal torsion with vascular necrosis

A

tx: adnexectomy

42
Q

ruptured tuboovarian abscess

A

tx: drainage

43
Q

ovarian vein thrombosis

A

dx: CT scan; tx: heparin

44
Q

Postpartum pelvic thrombophlebitis

A

tx: heparina and antibiotics

Gynecology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions