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Biology Exam #4 > Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Distrubances, Pollination, Plant structure and growth, stomata function, water transport, sap/sugars transport and plant hormones > Flashcards

Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Distrubances, Pollination, Plant structure and growth, stomata function, water transport, sap/sugars transport and plant hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

seed plants are _____________.

A

heterospores

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2
Q

Microspores LEAD to

A

microgametophytes

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3
Q

Megaspores lead to

A

megagametophytes

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4
Q

Where are megaspores produced?

A

Megasporangium

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5
Q

megaspores are modified to produce an

A

ovule

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6
Q

the integument is the ______ _______?

A

protective tissue

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7
Q

The opening at the apex is called _____?

A

micropyle

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8
Q

After fertilization the ovule turns into the _____ whereas the ovary turns into ______?

A

seed, fruit

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9
Q

Four groups of Gymnosperms

A
  • Conifers
  • Cycads
  • Ginkgo
  • Gnetophyta
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10
Q

Examples of Confiers

A

Pines, Cedars, firs, hemlocks, spruces, redwood, larches and cypresses

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11
Q

Pines contain _______ that protects them from herbivores

A

resin

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12
Q

Cycads

A

Mostly tropical, rare in the wild, not pollinated by wind instead by INSECTS

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13
Q

the flow

A

Green algae —-> Bryophytes ——-> ferns ——> gymnosperms ——-> angiosperms

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14
Q

Ecosystem

A

Biological communities plus an abiotic environment

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15
Q

community

A

set of ALL populations

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16
Q

Population

A

individuals of the same species at the same location.

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17
Q

Organism —–> Population ——–> community ——-> ecosystem

A
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18
Q

Disturbances

A

“short term” events that cause a measurable change in the properties of an ecological community

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19
Q

Important summary of disturbance adaptations

A

-adaptations in adults were smaller
-thick bark
-higher branches
-loss of leaves during dry season

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20
Q

However the juveniles differed from adults

A

both species could resprout from roots after fire
- money trees grew faster than ordeal

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21
Q

convergent evolution is a process in which __________

A

organisms evolve similar functions or structures even though they aren’t closely related evolutionary.

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22
Q

annual means they have _____ growing season

A

singles

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23
Q

Biennial means they have ________ growing season

A

two

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24
Q

perennials mean they have _______ growing seasons

A

multiple

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25
Q

sterile part of the plant is called ___________.

A

perianth

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26
Q

Perianth contains both __________ and ___________.

A

petals and sepals

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27
Q

function of perianth

A

to attract pollinators

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28
Q

fertile parts - male

A

stamens
- pollen bearing
- attached to receptacle

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29
Q

fertile parts - female

A

carpals
- ovule bearing

30
Q

a male gametophyte is a pollen grain with ____ _____.

A

3 nuclei

31
Q

Double fertilization is unique to ___________.

A

angiosperms

32
Q

pollination is when …..

A

transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma

33
Q

fertilization is when …..

A

sperm and egg unite to make a zygote

34
Q

male gametophyte is

A

pollen grain

35
Q

female gametophyte is

A

embryo sac

36
Q

development of plants

A
  1. GROWTH - irreversible increase in size
  2. MORPHOGENESIS - becoming a particular shape
  3. DIFFERENTIATION - cells with identical genetic material become different from one another
37
Q

cells——>tissues——->tissue systems ——-> organs

A
38
Q

ground tissue system

A

photosynthesis, storage and support

39
Q

ground tissue system

A

photosynthesis, storage and support

40
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

conducts water, dissolved materials and good throughout the plant

41
Q

Dermal tissue system

A

provides a covering for the plant body

42
Q

Types of ground tissue

A
  • parenchyma
    -collenchyma
    -sclerenchyma
    -schlerencyma
43
Q

The stomata contains ______ and allows for ______ ________

A

small pores; gas movement

44
Q

Trichomes in a salty environment help to ….

A

remove excess salt

45
Q

Trichomes in a desert allow for ….

A

increase reflection of light, cools internal tissue

46
Q

trichomes can also be root hairs, in which they

A

increase SA and increase absorption

47
Q

Meristem

A

When plants grow, cells divide only in
specific areas
• New cells form by mitotic division
• Meristematic cells do not differentiate

48
Q

When stomata open

A

CO2 enters the plant through simple diffusion because there is more CO2 in the atmosphere than inside the plant body

49
Q

What is a proper description of how material moves in the phloem?

A

Material moves from a source of sucrose to a sink for sucrose

50
Q

The rate of transpiration is affected by stomatal movements and:

A

temperature, humidity, and air currents.

51
Q

What is the name of a property of water imparted to it because of attraction between water molecules?

A

Cohesion

52
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the cohesion-tension theory?

A

Root pressure is essential to the movement of water from roots to leaves.

53
Q

Under drought conditions you would expect stomata to

A

Close

54
Q

Consider two aqueous solutions, A and B. Solution A has a higher solute concentration than solution B. Solution A is placed on one side of a selectively permeable membrane, and solution B is placed on the other side. The solute cannot pass through the membrane. Which of the following best describes this situation?

A

Solution B has a higher osmotic potential

55
Q

Which of the following statements about abscisic acid is FALSE?

A

It causes water to move into guard cells.

56
Q

Figure shows results from an experiment evaluating K+ after exposure to ABA. Which statement is not consistent with the data?

A

ABA causes stomata to open

57
Q

Ground tissue system main function

A

Photosynthesis, storage and support

58
Q

Vascular tissue system main function

A

conducts substances like water, sugar, dissolved minerals throughout plant body

59
Q

Dermal tissue system main function

A

provides covering for the plant body

60
Q

what makes of ground tissue system

A

Parenchyma

61
Q

parenchyma is _________ and capable of ______ ________.

A

alive; cell division

62
Q

types of ground tissue

A

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, schlerenchyma.

63
Q

Xylem are highly specialized _____ conducting cells

A

water

64
Q

Function of phloem

A

conducts carbohydrates formed in photosynthesis. Provides structural support

65
Q

ABA is a ______ ________

A

plant hormone

66
Q

what causes the stomata to open.

A

the guard cells become filled with water, Guard cells accumulate K+

67
Q

What is the effect of abscisic acid on
stomata closure?

A
  • During time of drought stress plants produce ABA
  • ABA caused the guard cells to change shape and reduce the stoma
    opening
68
Q

light triggers ______ influx in guard cells

A

ion

69
Q

What color stimulates guard cells?

A

blue light

70
Q

_______ _______ and the
_________ help direct the shape
of the cell

A

Osmotic pressure; exoskeleton

Biology Exam #4 (1 decks)

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