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Biology Exam #4 > Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Distrubances, Pollination, Plant structure and growth, stomata function, water transport, sap/sugars transport and plant hormones > Flashcards

Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Distrubances, Pollination, Plant structure and growth, stomata function, water transport, sap/sugars transport and plant hormones Flashcards

1
Q

seed plants are _____________.

A

heterospores

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2
Q

Microspores LEAD to

A

microgametophytes

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3
Q

Megaspores lead to

A

megagametophytes

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4
Q

Where are megaspores produced?

A

Megasporangium

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5
Q

megaspores are modified to produce an

A

ovule

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6
Q

the integument is the ______ _______?

A

protective tissue

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7
Q

The opening at the apex is called _____?

A

micropyle

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8
Q

After fertilization the ovule turns into the _____ whereas the ovary turns into ______?

A

seed, fruit

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9
Q

Four groups of Gymnosperms

A
  • Conifers
  • Cycads
  • Ginkgo
  • Gnetophyta
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10
Q

Examples of Confiers

A

Pines, Cedars, firs, hemlocks, spruces, redwood, larches and cypresses

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11
Q

Pines contain _______ that protects them from herbivores

A

resin

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12
Q

Cycads

A

Mostly tropical, rare in the wild, not pollinated by wind instead by INSECTS

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13
Q

the flow

A

Green algae —-> Bryophytes ——-> ferns ——> gymnosperms ——-> angiosperms

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14
Q

Ecosystem

A

Biological communities plus an abiotic environment

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15
Q

community

A

set of ALL populations

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16
Q

Population

A

individuals of the same species at the same location.

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17
Q

Organism —–> Population ——–> community ——-> ecosystem

A
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18
Q

Disturbances

A

“short term” events that cause a measurable change in the properties of an ecological community

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19
Q

Important summary of disturbance adaptations

A

-adaptations in adults were smaller
-thick bark
-higher branches
-loss of leaves during dry season

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20
Q

However the juveniles differed from adults

A

both species could resprout from roots after fire
- money trees grew faster than ordeal

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21
Q

convergent evolution is a process in which __________

A

organisms evolve similar functions or structures even though they aren’t closely related evolutionary.

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22
Q

annual means they have _____ growing season

A

singles

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23
Q

Biennial means they have ________ growing season

A

two

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24
Q

perennials mean they have _______ growing seasons

A

multiple

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25
sterile part of the plant is called ___________.
perianth
26
Perianth contains both __________ and ___________.
petals and sepals
27
function of perianth
to attract pollinators
28
fertile parts - male
stamens - pollen bearing - attached to receptacle
29
fertile parts - female
carpals - ovule bearing
30
a male gametophyte is a pollen grain with ____ _____.
3 nuclei
31
Double fertilization is unique to ___________.
angiosperms
32
pollination is when .....
transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma
33
fertilization is when .....
sperm and egg unite to make a zygote
34
male gametophyte is
pollen grain
35
female gametophyte is
embryo sac
36
development of plants
1. GROWTH - irreversible increase in size 2. MORPHOGENESIS - becoming a particular shape 3. DIFFERENTIATION - cells with identical genetic material become different from one another
37
cells------>tissues------->tissue systems -------> organs
38
ground tissue system
photosynthesis, storage and support
39
ground tissue system
photosynthesis, storage and support
40
Vascular tissue system
conducts water, dissolved materials and good throughout the plant
41
Dermal tissue system
provides a covering for the plant body
42
Types of ground tissue
- parenchyma -collenchyma -sclerenchyma -schlerencyma
43
The stomata contains ______ and allows for ______ ________
small pores; gas movement
44
Trichomes in a salty environment help to ....
remove excess salt
45
Trichomes in a desert allow for ....
increase reflection of light, cools internal tissue
46
trichomes can also be root hairs, in which they
increase SA and increase absorption
47
Meristem
When plants grow, cells divide only in specific areas • New cells form by mitotic division • Meristematic cells do not differentiate
48
When stomata open
CO2 enters the plant through simple diffusion because there is more CO2 in the atmosphere than inside the plant body
49
What is a proper description of how material moves in the phloem?
Material moves from a source of sucrose to a sink for sucrose
50
The rate of transpiration is affected by stomatal movements and:
temperature, humidity, and air currents.
51
What is the name of a property of water imparted to it because of attraction between water molecules?
Cohesion
52
Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the cohesion-tension theory?
Root pressure is essential to the movement of water from roots to leaves.
53
Under drought conditions you would expect stomata to
Close
54
Consider two aqueous solutions, A and B. Solution A has a higher solute concentration than solution B. Solution A is placed on one side of a selectively permeable membrane, and solution B is placed on the other side. The solute cannot pass through the membrane. Which of the following best describes this situation?
Solution B has a higher osmotic potential
55
Which of the following statements about abscisic acid is FALSE?
It causes water to move into guard cells.
56
Figure shows results from an experiment evaluating K+ after exposure to ABA. Which statement is not consistent with the data?
ABA causes stomata to open
57
Ground tissue system main function
Photosynthesis, storage and support
58
Vascular tissue system main function
conducts substances like water, sugar, dissolved minerals throughout plant body
59
Dermal tissue system main function
provides covering for the plant body
60
what makes of ground tissue system
Parenchyma
61
parenchyma is _________ and capable of ______ ________.
alive; cell division
62
types of ground tissue
Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, schlerenchyma.
63
Xylem are highly specialized _____ conducting cells
water
64
Function of phloem
conducts carbohydrates formed in photosynthesis. Provides structural support
65
ABA is a ______ ________
plant hormone
66
what causes the stomata to open.
the guard cells become filled with water, Guard cells accumulate K+
67
What is the effect of abscisic acid on stomata closure?
- During time of drought stress plants produce ABA - ABA caused the guard cells to change shape and reduce the stoma opening
68
light triggers ______ influx in guard cells
ion
69
What color stimulates guard cells?
blue light
70
_______ _______ and the _________ help direct the shape of the cell
Osmotic pressure; exoskeleton

Biology Exam #4 (1 decks)

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