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PAC 160 > Gymnastics > Flashcards

Gymnastics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 “funcipals”?

A

Participants must be active most of the time
Participants must be successful most of the time
Participants must play with purpose most if the time.

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2
Q

What are the 8 play guidelines?

A
  1. Safe running in gymnastics gym
  2. All participants should be active in game all the time.
  3. Play co-operative and competitive games
  4. Tag can be your best friend.
  5. Games must be age and maturity appropriate.
  6. Quickly change game if not working
  7. Stop game at peak enjoyment
  8. Game should have purpose.
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3
Q

List the 4 tag principals

A

A) chasers stay the same
B) chasers accumulate
C) caught players accumulate
D) chased immune

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4
Q

What are the 3 F’s?

A

Fun
Fitness
Fundamentals

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5
Q

Describe “fun”

A

People want to do it
Engage participants
Keep kids in the sport

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6
Q

Describe fitness

A

Physical development
Increase ability potential
Decrease rate of injury

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7
Q

Describe fundamentals

A 
Landings 
Locomotion
Stationary position
Swing
Rotation
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8
Q

List the 7 instructions for starting a game

A
  1. Always CLEARLY explain
  2. Mode of locomotion
  3. Function of chaser when runner is tagged
  4. How is chaser identified
  5. Function of runners when caught
  6. Safety precautions
  7. Boundaries
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9
Q

4 countries that started gymnastics

A

Chinese, Greek, Roman, Egypt

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10
Q

What are the 4 modern origins

A
  1. Military - physical training
  2. Education
  3. Medical
  4. Performing arts
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11
Q

Describe Military/Physical Training (4)

A
  • Rings - upper body strength
  • pommel horse - horse training
  • vault - same as above
  • clubs - hand to hand combat
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12
Q

Who are the grandfathers of gymnastics?

A

Johan Freidrich Gutsmuth and Freidich Ludwig Jahn

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13
Q

What were European educators focused on?

A

Students physically and mentally robust.

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14
Q

What are the physical prep apparatus’?

A

Horizontal bar and parallel bars

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15
Q

Who was the Scandinavian (Swedish) instructor?

A

Pehr Henrik Ling

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16
Q

What were Pehr’s accomplishments?

A
  • sophisticated routines that systematically trained body

- developed body musculature through rhythmical sequences of calisthenics

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17
Q

What are some of the rhythmical sequences Pehr developed.

A
  1. Free exercises - floor/ hand apparatus
  2. Apparatus exercises.

Spread through other countries and more formally developed

Also started formal competitions?

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18
Q

Describe the medical origin for gymnastics.

A
  • the educators were also medical practitioners
  • movements transferred to rehab
    • physical therapists -> Pilates
    • occupational therapists
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19
Q

Describe the performing arts origin

A
  • oldest source - Greek, Egypt, china pottery dipicts it.
  • tumblers, vaulters, and Aerial acrobats
  • circus arts
  • ACG and TG evolved from this.
  • cheer leading and stuntmen
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20
Q

Which gymnastics activities spread to the rest of the world and were more finials developed?

A

A. MAG - horizontal bar
B. MAG - parall bars
C. WAG - balance beam
D. Pole vault

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21
Q

How did acrobatic gymnastics start?

A
  1. Hand balancing - adagio -> circus
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22
Q

What 5 events started in Acrobatic gymnastics

A 
Mixed pairs
Men's pairs
Women's pairs 
Men's 4's
Women's 3's
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23
Q

When did aerobic gymnastics start?

A

1980’s fitness industry in North America

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24
Q

What are the 4 categories for aerobic gymnastics

A

Individual male and female
Mixed pairs
Trios
Groups of 6

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25
Q

Where did aerobic gymnastics become very popular?

A

South America and Southeast Asia

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26
Q

When did men’s artistic gymnastics start?

A

First modern Olympics - 1896

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27
Q

What three things does MAG showcase?

A

Development of legs - floor, vault
Development of upper body - parallel bars, pommel horse
Development of upper body in suspension - horizontal bar, rings

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28
Q

When was the official event order established in MAG and what was the order?

A

1924 Olympics

Floor 
Pommel 
Rings
Vault
Parallel bars 
Horizontal bar
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29
Q

When was WAG introduced to the Olympics and what did it develop?

A

1928

Grace
Poise
Dance
Posture

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30
Q

What was the event order for WAG? (Olympics) and what did each develop?

A

Vault - legs
Asymmetrical bars - upper body
Balance Beam - grace, poise, posture
Floor - dance fitness

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31
Q

When was Rythmic gymnastics introducted to the olympics?

A

1984

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32
Q

Who won a gold medal in RG for canada?

A

Lori Fung

33
Q

What are the 5 hand apparatus’ involved in RG?

A 
Rope
Hoop
Balls
Clubs
Ribbon
34
Q

Where was a more masculine RG created?

A

Japan - Martial Gym - spear instead of ribbon

35
Q

What is the newest apparatus in gymnastics?

A

Trampoline

36
Q

When was trampoline introduced to the olympics?

A

Sydney 2000

37
Q

Who were the 2 Canadian athletes that medaled in Trampoline?

A

Karen Cockburn

Mathew Turgeon

38
Q

Who developed the trampoline and When?

A

George Nissen and larry Griswold

1930’s

39
Q

What are the 4 trampoline events and which two are in the olympics*?

A

Snycronized trampoline*
Individual*
Tumbling
Double Mini

40
Q

What is Gymnastics for all?

A

group performing gymnastics

41
Q

What is the World Gymnastrada?

A
  • European festivals and exhibitions
    o Every 4 years
    o 20,000+ participants
42
Q

What 4 things did gymnastics have a hand in creating?

A

o Cheerleading
o Parkour
o Recreational development
o Pre-school

43
Q

What is LTAD?

A

Long Term Athlete Development

44
Q

What is the purpose of the LTAD?

A

: To meet the developmental needs and abilities of gymnastics participants at each stage – includes everyone who is part of the system

45
Q
  • What does LTAD mean for gymnastics in Canada?
A

o Reconginzed by the IOC as foundation sport
 Crucial to development of FMP’s and FMS’s that contribute to physical LRT
 All people should have the opportunity to participate
o Framework for optimal development of all ages and stages
 Part of own the podium strategy
o Vehicle for change for gymnastics Canada
 Holds governing body accountable for goals set in each program

46
Q

What are the 6 Challenges to the LTAD?

A

o Focus energies and resources on providing services to majority of participants
o Ensure a balance of resources and energies for all facets of gymnastics
o Ensure the education system is an important component of delivery system
o Give GFA higher emphasis (gymnastics for all)
o Recongise and support spirit of sport for life
o Promote inclusion startigies for athletes with disabilities

47
Q

What are the 10 influencing factors of LTAD?

A 
o	The fundementals
o	Bio-age vs. chronoage
o	Holistic approach
o	Specialization
o	Trainability
o	Perialization
o	Calander planning for competition 
o	10 year rule
o	System alignment and integration
o	Continuous improvement
48
Q

What are the 8 stages of LTAD?

A 
o	Active start
o	Fun, fittness, FMP’s
o	Building the skills of gymnastics
o	Specialization of gym discipline
o	Becoming a consistant competitor 
o	Winning at all levels 
o	International excellence and podium performance
o	Gymnastics for life – active for life
49
Q

What are the 4 physical components of Gymnastics?

A
  1. Endurance
  2. Strength
  3. Power
  4. Flexibility
50
Q

What are the two types of endurance?

A
  1. Muscular Endurance

2. Cardio-vascular endurance

51
Q

Describe Endurance.

A

Muscles and heart/lungs to resist fatigue

52
Q

Describe Muscular Endurance

A
  • Muscle Fibers to resist fatigue
  • Increased ability to store energy
  • not highly trainable in Children
  • approximately 15 reps to increase endurance
  • games - bridge tag, hold over 15 seconds
53
Q

Describe Cardio-Vascular Endurance

A
  • Ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to the blood vessels and lungs
  • very trainable in children
  • games over 90 seconds
54
Q

Describe strength

A
  • Maximal forces a muscle can generate in a single contraction
  • trainable in Children
  • less than 12 reps to work on strength
55
Q

What are the 3 types of contractions

A

Concentric - muscle shortens
isometric - muscle length stays the same
Essentric - Muscle length lengthens

56
Q

describe power

A
  • How fast you can generate maximal force
  • speed and strength are most important components
  • *develop each individually
57
Q

Describe flexibility

A

Range of Motion (ROM) of a joint or a series of joints

58
Q

What are the two types of ROM’s and describe

A

Active ROM - external forces (gravity) Static position

Passive ROM - Internal musculature to generate movement - Dynamic position - more important for gymnastics

59
Q

What are 3 flexibility limitations?

A
  • body type
  • injuries
  • soft tissue issues
60
Q

What are 4 ways to improve flexibility?

A

Static stretch
partner assisted
PNF
Ballistic

61
Q

describe PNF stretching

A
  • developed by Physiotherapists

- best way to improve flexibility in shortest ammount of time (although longest session)

62
Q

describe ballistic stretching

A
  • Bouncing past active ROM

- can be dangerous

63
Q

name the 4 motor components

A
  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Spatial Orientation
64
Q

Describe agility

A
  • complex capactity of the body to move the body from position to position
  • enhanced by repetitive activities using whole body movements
65
Q

Describe Balance

A

Ability to maintain equilibrium in static or dynamic positions

66
Q

Describe the 3 sensory feedbacks in Balance

A

Vestibular - where you are in space
Proprioceptive - Where your limbs are in space
Visual - keeping eyes open

67
Q

describe Coordination

A

Involves whole body moving in complex patterns

- manipulation of objects

68
Q

Describe Special Orientation

A

Where your body is situated in space

Relies on Vestibular feedback

69
Q

Define Landings

A

absorbing momentum over the greatest amount of time and over the greatest distance using as many joints and body surfaces as possible

70
Q

Describe the Feet, Hands, and Rotation of a FORWARD landing.

A

Feet - Toe, ball, heel, knees, hip, then upper body
Hands - Prone Fall - Fingers, Palm, Elbow, Wrist, Shoulder, Body
Rotation - Forward shoulder roll (ninja)

71
Q

Describe the Feet, hands, and Rotation of a BACKWARD landing

A

FEET - Extend arms out front and face head forward
Hands - Egg Roll – fingers point to toes, rock back and forth to stop
ROTATION - *Backwards shoulder roll (pizza)

72
Q

Describe the Feet, Hands, and Rotation of a SIDE landing

A

FEET - Feet forward and legs hips shoulder width apart
HANDS - Egg Roll L/R – rock to one hand first/fingers to midline. Finish on flat back ROTATION - SWD safety roll (doggie)

73
Q

Describe proper technique of a BACK FALL

A

splat on back with greatest amount of surface area of the back and arm covering the ground. (Mummy, pumpkin, mummy)

74
Q

What is FMP?

A

Stationary Positions - Able to maintain equilibrium while stationary

75
Q

What 4 points describes a Center of Gravity

A
  1. point which mass is equally distributed
  2. balance point
  3. point of which the body rotates
  4. intersection point of 3 axis of rotation
76
Q

What are the 5 principals of Gravity?

A
  1. Wide base
  2. CoG close to BoS
  3. CoG centred over BoS
  4. CoG of segments aligned
  5. Rigid body
77
Q

Where is COG in Supports

A

CoG centered over wide base

(smaller base)

78
Q

Where is COG in Balance

A

– CoG edge of base of support

79
Q

Where is COG in Hang

A

– CoG is below base of support (BoS) (below point of support)

PAC 160 (1 decks)

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