Gymnastics Flashcards
What are the 3 “funcipals”?
Participants must be active most of the time
Participants must be successful most of the time
Participants must play with purpose most if the time.
What are the 8 play guidelines?
- Safe running in gymnastics gym
- All participants should be active in game all the time.
- Play co-operative and competitive games
- Tag can be your best friend.
- Games must be age and maturity appropriate.
- Quickly change game if not working
- Stop game at peak enjoyment
- Game should have purpose.
List the 4 tag principals
A) chasers stay the same
B) chasers accumulate
C) caught players accumulate
D) chased immune
What are the 3 F’s?
Fun
Fitness
Fundamentals
Describe “fun”
People want to do it
Engage participants
Keep kids in the sport
Describe fitness
Physical development
Increase ability potential
Decrease rate of injury
Describe fundamentals
Landings Locomotion Stationary position Swing Rotation
List the 7 instructions for starting a game
- Always CLEARLY explain
- Mode of locomotion
- Function of chaser when runner is tagged
- How is chaser identified
- Function of runners when caught
- Safety precautions
- Boundaries
4 countries that started gymnastics
Chinese, Greek, Roman, Egypt
What are the 4 modern origins
- Military - physical training
- Education
- Medical
- Performing arts
Describe Military/Physical Training (4)
- Rings - upper body strength
- pommel horse - horse training
- vault - same as above
- clubs - hand to hand combat
Who are the grandfathers of gymnastics?
Johan Freidrich Gutsmuth and Freidich Ludwig Jahn
What were European educators focused on?
Students physically and mentally robust.
What are the physical prep apparatus’?
Horizontal bar and parallel bars
Who was the Scandinavian (Swedish) instructor?
Pehr Henrik Ling
What were Pehr’s accomplishments?
- sophisticated routines that systematically trained body
- developed body musculature through rhythmical sequences of calisthenics
What are some of the rhythmical sequences Pehr developed.
- Free exercises - floor/ hand apparatus
- Apparatus exercises.
Spread through other countries and more formally developed
Also started formal competitions?
Describe the medical origin for gymnastics.
- the educators were also medical practitioners
- movements transferred to rehab
- physical therapists -> Pilates
- occupational therapists
Describe the performing arts origin
- oldest source - Greek, Egypt, china pottery dipicts it.
- tumblers, vaulters, and Aerial acrobats
- circus arts
- ACG and TG evolved from this.
- cheer leading and stuntmen
Which gymnastics activities spread to the rest of the world and were more finials developed?
A. MAG - horizontal bar
B. MAG - parall bars
C. WAG - balance beam
D. Pole vault
How did acrobatic gymnastics start?
- Hand balancing - adagio -> circus
What 5 events started in Acrobatic gymnastics
Mixed pairs Men's pairs Women's pairs Men's 4's Women's 3's
When did aerobic gymnastics start?
1980’s fitness industry in North America
What are the 4 categories for aerobic gymnastics
Individual male and female
Mixed pairs
Trios
Groups of 6
Where did aerobic gymnastics become very popular?
South America and Southeast Asia
When did men’s artistic gymnastics start?
First modern Olympics - 1896
What three things does MAG showcase?
Development of legs - floor, vault
Development of upper body - parallel bars, pommel horse
Development of upper body in suspension - horizontal bar, rings
When was the official event order established in MAG and what was the order?
1924 Olympics
Floor Pommel Rings Vault Parallel bars Horizontal bar
When was WAG introduced to the Olympics and what did it develop?
1928
Grace
Poise
Dance
Posture
What was the event order for WAG? (Olympics) and what did each develop?
Vault - legs
Asymmetrical bars - upper body
Balance Beam - grace, poise, posture
Floor - dance fitness
When was Rythmic gymnastics introducted to the olympics?
1984
Who won a gold medal in RG for canada?
Lori Fung
What are the 5 hand apparatus’ involved in RG?
Rope Hoop Balls Clubs Ribbon
Where was a more masculine RG created?
Japan - Martial Gym - spear instead of ribbon
What is the newest apparatus in gymnastics?
Trampoline
When was trampoline introduced to the olympics?
Sydney 2000
Who were the 2 Canadian athletes that medaled in Trampoline?
Karen Cockburn
Mathew Turgeon
Who developed the trampoline and When?
George Nissen and larry Griswold
1930’s
What are the 4 trampoline events and which two are in the olympics*?
Snycronized trampoline*
Individual*
Tumbling
Double Mini
What is Gymnastics for all?
group performing gymnastics
What is the World Gymnastrada?
- European festivals and exhibitions
o Every 4 years
o 20,000+ participants
What 4 things did gymnastics have a hand in creating?
o Cheerleading
o Parkour
o Recreational development
o Pre-school
What is LTAD?
Long Term Athlete Development
What is the purpose of the LTAD?
: To meet the developmental needs and abilities of gymnastics participants at each stage – includes everyone who is part of the system
- What does LTAD mean for gymnastics in Canada?
o Reconginzed by the IOC as foundation sport
Crucial to development of FMP’s and FMS’s that contribute to physical LRT
All people should have the opportunity to participate
o Framework for optimal development of all ages and stages
Part of own the podium strategy
o Vehicle for change for gymnastics Canada
Holds governing body accountable for goals set in each program
What are the 6 Challenges to the LTAD?
o Focus energies and resources on providing services to majority of participants
o Ensure a balance of resources and energies for all facets of gymnastics
o Ensure the education system is an important component of delivery system
o Give GFA higher emphasis (gymnastics for all)
o Recongise and support spirit of sport for life
o Promote inclusion startigies for athletes with disabilities
What are the 10 influencing factors of LTAD?
o The fundementals o Bio-age vs. chronoage o Holistic approach o Specialization o Trainability o Perialization o Calander planning for competition o 10 year rule o System alignment and integration o Continuous improvement
What are the 8 stages of LTAD?
o Active start o Fun, fittness, FMP’s o Building the skills of gymnastics o Specialization of gym discipline o Becoming a consistant competitor o Winning at all levels o International excellence and podium performance o Gymnastics for life – active for life
What are the 4 physical components of Gymnastics?
- Endurance
- Strength
- Power
- Flexibility
What are the two types of endurance?
- Muscular Endurance
2. Cardio-vascular endurance
Describe Endurance.
Muscles and heart/lungs to resist fatigue
Describe Muscular Endurance
- Muscle Fibers to resist fatigue
- Increased ability to store energy
- not highly trainable in Children
- approximately 15 reps to increase endurance
- games - bridge tag, hold over 15 seconds
Describe Cardio-Vascular Endurance
- Ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to the blood vessels and lungs
- very trainable in children
- games over 90 seconds
Describe strength
- Maximal forces a muscle can generate in a single contraction
- trainable in Children
- less than 12 reps to work on strength
What are the 3 types of contractions
Concentric - muscle shortens
isometric - muscle length stays the same
Essentric - Muscle length lengthens
describe power
- How fast you can generate maximal force
- speed and strength are most important components
- *develop each individually
Describe flexibility
Range of Motion (ROM) of a joint or a series of joints
What are the two types of ROM’s and describe
Active ROM - external forces (gravity) Static position
Passive ROM - Internal musculature to generate movement - Dynamic position - more important for gymnastics
What are 3 flexibility limitations?
- body type
- injuries
- soft tissue issues
What are 4 ways to improve flexibility?
Static stretch
partner assisted
PNF
Ballistic
describe PNF stretching
- developed by Physiotherapists
- best way to improve flexibility in shortest ammount of time (although longest session)
describe ballistic stretching
- Bouncing past active ROM
- can be dangerous
name the 4 motor components
- Agility
- Balance
- Coordination
- Spatial Orientation
Describe agility
- complex capactity of the body to move the body from position to position
- enhanced by repetitive activities using whole body movements
Describe Balance
Ability to maintain equilibrium in static or dynamic positions
Describe the 3 sensory feedbacks in Balance
Vestibular - where you are in space
Proprioceptive - Where your limbs are in space
Visual - keeping eyes open
describe Coordination
Involves whole body moving in complex patterns
- manipulation of objects
Describe Special Orientation
Where your body is situated in space
Relies on Vestibular feedback
Define Landings
absorbing momentum over the greatest amount of time and over the greatest distance using as many joints and body surfaces as possible
Describe the Feet, Hands, and Rotation of a FORWARD landing.
Feet - Toe, ball, heel, knees, hip, then upper body
Hands - Prone Fall - Fingers, Palm, Elbow, Wrist, Shoulder, Body
Rotation - Forward shoulder roll (ninja)
Describe the Feet, hands, and Rotation of a BACKWARD landing
FEET - Extend arms out front and face head forward
Hands - Egg Roll – fingers point to toes, rock back and forth to stop
ROTATION - *Backwards shoulder roll (pizza)
Describe the Feet, Hands, and Rotation of a SIDE landing
FEET - Feet forward and legs hips shoulder width apart
HANDS - Egg Roll L/R – rock to one hand first/fingers to midline. Finish on flat back ROTATION - SWD safety roll (doggie)
Describe proper technique of a BACK FALL
splat on back with greatest amount of surface area of the back and arm covering the ground. (Mummy, pumpkin, mummy)
What is FMP?
Stationary Positions - Able to maintain equilibrium while stationary
What 4 points describes a Center of Gravity
- point which mass is equally distributed
- balance point
- point of which the body rotates
- intersection point of 3 axis of rotation
What are the 5 principals of Gravity?
- Wide base
- CoG close to BoS
- CoG centred over BoS
- CoG of segments aligned
- Rigid body
Where is COG in Supports
CoG centered over wide base
(smaller base)
Where is COG in Balance
– CoG edge of base of support
Where is COG in Hang
– CoG is below base of support (BoS) (below point of support)
