Guyton Physiology Flashcards
List 5 functions of the liver
- blood storage and filtration
- bile production
- metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, hormones, foreign chemicals
- formation of coagulation factors
- storage of vitamins and iron
What is the functional unit of the liver?
liver lobule
Fill the gaps
What are 2 other types of cells residing in the liver lobule besides the hepatocytes
endothelial cells
macrophages/Kuppfer cells
What is the space between the endothelial cells and the hepatocytes called and what is its function?
Space of Disse - lymphatic drainage, neighboring endothelial cells with fairly wide gaps and permeability
What are the pressures of the portal vein and hepatic vein?
<10 mm Hg difference
Why does ascites from portal hypertension/high hepatic vascular pressure have a protein cc similar to that of plasma?
because the endothelial lining separating the space of Disse is relatively permeable, including proteins –> most protein can pass into the lymph drainage
What hormone regulates liver cell regeneration after e.g., lobectomy
hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)
How are bacteria translocating in the GI tract removed by the liver?
engulfed by Kuppfer cells (the livers macrophages) and digested
Explain how the liver creates energy from fat and what by-product is formed in the process.
fatty acids –> beta-oxidatation –> acetyl-Coa –> Krebs cycle –> oxidative phosphorilation –> ATP
left over acetyl-Coa that’s not used for krebs cycle –> acetoacetate –> can be used for energy production by other cells in the body
How is ammonia formed and converted in the liver?
formed by aminoacid deamination
urea cycle/ornithin cycle –> urea
Name 3 vitamins stored in the liver
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Explain how the blood iron buffer of the liver works
iron stored as transferritin
hepatic cells contain apoferritin –> combines reversibly with iron
Fill the gaps
List two products that bilirubin can be conjugated with
glucuronic acid
sulfate
