Guyton and Hall - Terms Flashcards
In stages of differentiation of RBC, Hemoglobin first appears in what stage?
Polychromatophil erythroblast
People with gastrointestinal absorption abnormalities, such as the frequently occurring in small intestine often have serious difficulty absorbing both Folic acid and Vitamin B12.
Sprue
Composition of Heme
Iron and Porphyrin
Vitamin B12 is protected digestion by the gastrointestinal secretions by?
Intrinsic factor
True or False: Hemoglobin binds reversibly with Oxygen
True
Excess iron in the blood is deposited especially to?
Liver hepatocytes
Uncontrolled increased in production of WBC or lymphogenous cell
Leukemia
Transport form of iron
Transferrin
Insoluble form of iron
Hemosiderin
Failure to transport iron to the erythroblast can cause?
Hypochromic anemia
RBCs that are much smaller than normal and have too little hemoglobin inside them are then produced
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
RBC that grow too large with odd shapes
Megaloblast
Rh-positive RBCs in the fetus are attacked by antibodies from an Rh-negative mother
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Increase in number of Granulocytes
Granulocytosis
Increase number of Eosinophils
Eosinophilia
Decrease number of Eosinophils
Eosinopenia
Cells of kidney that secretes erythropoietin
Juxtaglomerular cells
Lyse or eats fibrin thread
Profibrinolysis
Both neutrophils and macrophages contain an abundant amount of lysosome filled with an enzyme that are especially geared for digesting bacteria and other foreign protein matter. What enzyme is this?
Proteolytic enzyme
The total combination of monocytes, mobile macrophages, fixed tissue macrophages, and a few specialized endothelial cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes is called?
Reticuloendothelial system
Entire process of neutrophil translocation through the capillaries into the tissues surrounding them is called?
Extravasation
Specific passage of blood cells through the intact walls of capillaries
Diapedesis
Causes eosinophils to migrate toward the inflamed allergic tissue
Eosinophil chemotactic factor
A clinical condition in which the bone marrow produces very few WBCs
Leukopenia
Immunoglobulins are composed of?
Light and Heavy polypeptide chains
Domestic animal with the largest RBC
Dog
Product of erythropoiesis
RBC (Red Blood Cell)
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
Normal capillary pressure (mmHg)
17mmHg
A new surge of blood in a vessel each time the heart beats
Pulse
Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure (mmHg)
28mmHg
Interstitial Colloid Osmotic Pressure (mmHg)
8mmHg
2 characteristics of Red Blood Cell
- Contain Hgb (Carries O2)
- Contain Carbonic Anhydrase
Decrease in the number of circulating RBC
Anemia
Increase in the number of circulating RBC
Polycythemia
It is a Secondary Polycythemia that occurs to those who live in high altitude
Physiological Polycythemia
Uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm which the Bone marrow makes too many RBC
Polycythemia Vera
Deficiency of O2 in tissue
Hypoxia
The RBC lifespan of Young and Adult Ruminant
- Young -50 - 100 days
- Adult - 125 - 150 days
In Sickle Cell Anemia the amino acid valine is substituted to _______ at one point in each of the two beta chains
Glutamic acid
What is the 6th type of WBC that does not originate in the Bone Marrow?
Plasma cells
The 6 types of WBC
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils (Polymorphonuclear) then Monocytes, Lymphocytes, and occasionally plasma cells.
The WBCs formed in the Bone marrow are stored in __________ until they are needed in the circulatory system.
Bone Marrow
The increase and decrease in number of agranulocytes
Agranulocytosis (Base on Dr. Elma this term can be used for both)
Give one adhesion molecule
Selectin, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
Mast cell and Basophil liberates _____ into the blood
Heparin
This can recognize and destroy foreign cells, tumor cells, and even some infected cells
Natural killer lymphocyte
It is a class of antibody that is Polyvalent and has 10 binding sites
IgM
Class of antibodies that are bivalent
IgG and IgE
Give at least two examples of Passive Immunization
Colostrum intake, Blood transfusion, and Injection of Hyper Immune Serum
Antibody that is commonly found in the body secretions like tears and saliva
IgA
Give at least one example of Active Immunization
Vaccination and recovery from a disease
It is initiated by an antigen-antibody reaction
Classical pathway
Multiple large particles with antigens on their surfaces are bound together into a clump
Agglutination
Molecular complex of soluble antigen and antibody becomes so large that it is rendered insoluble and precipitates
Precipitation
Antibodies cover the toxic sites of the antigenic agent
Neutralization
Pertains to substances that increases body temperature
Pyrogenic
Some potent antibodies are occasionally capable of directly attacking membranes of cellular agents and thereby causing rupture of the agent
Lysis
Large number of phagocytes migrate into the tissue area adjacent to the antigenic agent
Chemotaxis
Macrophages in liver sinusoids
Kupffer cells
_________ fragment in the bone marrow
Megakaryocytes
Small fragments
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Substances normally present in the body that hinders the occurrence of coagulation process
Physiological coagulant
Also known as the High-molecular-weight kininogen
Fitzgerald factor
Factor IV (Give the name)
Calcium (Ca++)
It is regarded as the 7th type of WBC
Thrombocytes
This can obstruct blood flow
Thrombus
This repulses adherence of platelets to normal endothelium but causes adherence to damaged/ injured endothelial cells
Glycoprotein
Give at least 2 procoagulants
Calcium (Ca++), Vitamin K, Fibrinogen, and Prothrombin
Blood cells begin their lives in the bone marrow from a single type of cell called the ?
Multipotent hematopoietic stem cell
