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PHYG101A - Terms > Guyton and Hall - Terms > Flashcards

Guyton and Hall - Terms Flashcards

1
Q

In stages of differentiation of RBC, Hemoglobin first appears in what stage?

A

Polychromatophil erythroblast

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2
Q

People with gastrointestinal absorption abnormalities, such as the frequently occurring in small intestine often have serious difficulty absorbing both Folic acid and Vitamin B12.

A

Sprue

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3
Q

Composition of Heme

A

Iron and Porphyrin

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4
Q

Vitamin B12 is protected digestion by the gastrointestinal secretions by?

A

Intrinsic factor

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5
Q

True or False: Hemoglobin binds reversibly with Oxygen

A

True

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6
Q

Excess iron in the blood is deposited especially to?

A

Liver hepatocytes

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6
Q

Uncontrolled increased in production of WBC or lymphogenous cell

A

Leukemia

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7
Q

Transport form of iron

A

Transferrin

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8
Q

Insoluble form of iron

A

Hemosiderin

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9
Q

Failure to transport iron to the erythroblast can cause?

A

Hypochromic anemia

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10
Q

RBCs that are much smaller than normal and have too little hemoglobin inside them are then produced

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

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11
Q

RBC that grow too large with odd shapes

A

Megaloblast

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12
Q

Rh-positive RBCs in the fetus are attacked by antibodies from an Rh-negative mother

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

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13
Q

Increase in number of Granulocytes

A

Granulocytosis

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14
Q

Increase number of Eosinophils

A

Eosinophilia

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15
Q

Decrease number of Eosinophils

A

Eosinopenia

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16
Q

Cells of kidney that secretes erythropoietin

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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17
Q

Lyse or eats fibrin thread

A

Profibrinolysis

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18
Q

Both neutrophils and macrophages contain an abundant amount of lysosome filled with an enzyme that are especially geared for digesting bacteria and other foreign protein matter. What enzyme is this?

A

Proteolytic enzyme

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19
Q

The total combination of monocytes, mobile macrophages, fixed tissue macrophages, and a few specialized endothelial cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes is called?

A

Reticuloendothelial system

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20
Q

Entire process of neutrophil translocation through the capillaries into the tissues surrounding them is called?

A

Extravasation

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21
Q

Specific passage of blood cells through the intact walls of capillaries

A

Diapedesis

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22
Q

Causes eosinophils to migrate toward the inflamed allergic tissue

A

Eosinophil chemotactic factor

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23
Q

A clinical condition in which the bone marrow produces very few WBCs

A

Leukopenia

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24
Q

Immunoglobulins are composed of?

A

Light and Heavy polypeptide chains

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25
Q

Domestic animal with the largest RBC

A

Dog

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26
Q

Product of erythropoiesis

A

RBC (Red Blood Cell)

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27
Q

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Pulse pressure

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28
Q

Normal capillary pressure (mmHg)

A

17mmHg

29
Q

A new surge of blood in a vessel each time the heart beats

A

Pulse

30
Q

Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure (mmHg)

A

28mmHg

31
Q

Interstitial Colloid Osmotic Pressure (mmHg)

A

8mmHg

32
Q

2 characteristics of Red Blood Cell

A
  1. Contain Hgb (Carries O2)
  2. Contain Carbonic Anhydrase
33
Q

Decrease in the number of circulating RBC

A

Anemia

34
Q

Increase in the number of circulating RBC

A

Polycythemia

35
Q

It is a Secondary Polycythemia that occurs to those who live in high altitude

A

Physiological Polycythemia

36
Q

Uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm which the Bone marrow makes too many RBC

A

Polycythemia Vera

37
Q

Deficiency of O2 in tissue

A

Hypoxia

38
Q

The RBC lifespan of Young and Adult Ruminant

A
  1. Young -50 - 100 days
  2. Adult - 125 - 150 days
39
Q

In Sickle Cell Anemia the amino acid valine is substituted to _______ at one point in each of the two beta chains

A

Glutamic acid

40
Q

What is the 6th type of WBC that does not originate in the Bone Marrow?

A

Plasma cells

41
Q

The 6 types of WBC

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils (Polymorphonuclear) then Monocytes, Lymphocytes, and occasionally plasma cells.

42
Q

The WBCs formed in the Bone marrow are stored in __________ until they are needed in the circulatory system.

A

Bone Marrow

43
Q

The increase and decrease in number of agranulocytes

A

Agranulocytosis (Base on Dr. Elma this term can be used for both)

44
Q

Give one adhesion molecule

A

Selectin, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)

45
Q

Mast cell and Basophil liberates _____ into the blood

A

Heparin

46
Q

This can recognize and destroy foreign cells, tumor cells, and even some infected cells

A

Natural killer lymphocyte

47
Q

It is a class of antibody that is Polyvalent and has 10 binding sites

A

IgM

48
Q

Class of antibodies that are bivalent

A

IgG and IgE

48
Q

Give at least two examples of Passive Immunization

A

Colostrum intake, Blood transfusion, and Injection of Hyper Immune Serum

48
Q

Antibody that is commonly found in the body secretions like tears and saliva

A

IgA

49
Q

Give at least one example of Active Immunization

A

Vaccination and recovery from a disease

50
Q

It is initiated by an antigen-antibody reaction

A

Classical pathway

51
Q

Multiple large particles with antigens on their surfaces are bound together into a clump

A

Agglutination

52
Q

Molecular complex of soluble antigen and antibody becomes so large that it is rendered insoluble and precipitates

A

Precipitation

53
Q

Antibodies cover the toxic sites of the antigenic agent

A

Neutralization

54
Q

Pertains to substances that increases body temperature

A

Pyrogenic

54
Q

Some potent antibodies are occasionally capable of directly attacking membranes of cellular agents and thereby causing rupture of the agent

A

Lysis

55
Q

Large number of phagocytes migrate into the tissue area adjacent to the antigenic agent

A

Chemotaxis

56
Q

Macrophages in liver sinusoids

A

Kupffer cells

57
Q

_________ fragment in the bone marrow

A

Megakaryocytes

57
Q

Small fragments

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

58
Q

Substances normally present in the body that hinders the occurrence of coagulation process

A

Physiological coagulant

59
Q

Also known as the High-molecular-weight kininogen

A

Fitzgerald factor

60
Q

Factor IV (Give the name)

A

Calcium (Ca++)

61
Q

It is regarded as the 7th type of WBC

A

Thrombocytes

62
Q

This can obstruct blood flow

A

Thrombus

63
Q

This repulses adherence of platelets to normal endothelium but causes adherence to damaged/ injured endothelial cells

A

Glycoprotein

64
Q

Give at least 2 procoagulants

A

Calcium (Ca++), Vitamin K, Fibrinogen, and Prothrombin

65
Q

Blood cells begin their lives in the bone marrow from a single type of cell called the ?

A

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cell

PHYG101A - Terms (2 decks)

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