Gut pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Candida

A
  • Intestinal yeast
  • C. albicans is the most recognised in humans pathogens
  • Linked to IBS, fatigue, + itchy skin, recurrent thrush
  • Can be managed by nystatin, but not commonly used due to side-effects
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2
Q

Types of Bacterial pathogens

A
  • Invasive ie EPEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonellae
  • Cytotoxic ie EPEC, EHEC, some Shigella
  • Toxigenic ie V. Cholerae, ETEC, some Shigella
  • Adhesive ie EAEC
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3
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A
  • Common gastric pathogen
  • 6-8 Polar flagellas
  • Invades mucosal layer
  • Associated with Type B gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma
  • Possible faecal oral spread, but still not fully confirmed
  • Antimicrobials used to treat it
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4
Q

Bacteroides

A
  • Gram -ve rods
  • The dominant genus in the colon
  • New research shows that there is association with obesity
  • Proteolytic + sacchorolytic
  • One type is known to be involved in cross-talk, communicating to human cells to influence diet + nutrient intake
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5
Q

Clostridia

A
  • Gram +ve spore formers
  • Anaerobic
  • Some produce toxins
  • Proteolytic
  • Normal resident of human flora
  • Overgrowth can be problematic
  • c. difficile
    + Occurs in association with antibiotic exposure
    + PMC
    + Formas plaques composed of mucin, fibrin, + gut cells
    + Most frequently implicated antibiotics: Ampicillin, clindamycin, cephalsporins
    + 2 types of toxins are produces
    + Vancomycin + anion resins used as treatment
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6
Q

Fusobacteria

A
  • Filamentous
  • Anaerobic
  • Gram +ve
  • Its role in the gut is unclear, but contributes to several diseases, including periodontal (gum) problems + tropical skin ulcers
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7
Q

Staphylococci

A
  • Gram +ve
  • Most are completely harmless, but can cause diseases in some
  • Contains MRSA variant
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8
Q

Streptococci

A
  • Gram +ve coci
  • Some used as probiotics
  • Certain species are haemolytic
  • Grows in chains or pairs
  • Found in mouth, skin, intestine + URT of humans
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9
Q

Enterococci

A
  • Gram +ve, often occur in pairs
  • High level of endemic antibiotic resistance
  • Previously used as probiotics
  • Facultatively anaerobic
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10
Q

Vellonella

A
  • Gram -ve cocci
  • Non-motile diplococci
  • Occurs in mouth + gut
  • Parasitic in nature
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11
Q

E. coli

A
  • Gram -ve rods
  • Some are pathogenic + cause severe gastroenteritis
  • Probiotic variants exist
  • Used as indicators in poo
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12
Q

Mycobacterium

A
  • Implicated in Crohn’s disease
  • Peak occurance in 15-35 years old
  • Involves a granulomatous reaction
  • Varies in the level of inflammatory response
  • Fever, pain, triredness, diarrhoea
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13
Q

Sulphate-reducing bacteria

A
  • Occur in 45% of healthy persons
  • Reduce sulphate to sulphide in conjunction with an e- donating substrate
  • Competes with methangoens for H2
  • Commonest genus: Desulfovibrio
  • Pathological role in the gut remains unclear
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