Gut Microbiome And FMT

Question 1

Gut microbiome on CVS
- Mice studies

Answer 1

TMAO - in high protein diet
Converted by bacterias in gut to lecithin
Studies on long term suppressive antibiotics reduces CVS risk

Question 2

Gut microbiome in Parkinson

Answer 2

Obsolete surgery reduces PD risk

Question 3

Changing to healthy gut microbiome

Answer 3

Vegan diet
Fermented food - kimchi
Exercise - cardio respiratory fitness

Question 4

Gut microbiome in autism

Answer 4

Probiotics treatment reduces ASD symptoms
Fecal transplant maintains gut microbiome more than 3 years

Question 5

Gut microbiome on vaccine response

Answer 5

Bifidobacterium and bacteroides influence immunity and vaccine response
Important constituents from childbirth - influenced by early antibiotisc use, c-section

Mothers undergoing c-section (and receiving antibiotics) has higher fetal prevalence of obesity and lower breast feeding

Question 6

Probiotics on hepatic encephalopathy
- RK Dhiman Gastroenterology 2014

Answer 6

Daily intake of probiotic over 6 months reduces hospitalisation and improvement in CP score and MELD score

Question 7

Duodenal infusion of donor faeces for recurrent c-diff
- NEJM 2013

Answer 7

Frozen poopsicle!! - poop in capsule, taken orally, no need NGT / colonoscopy

14 of 20 recurrent c diff resolved
4 of 6 non responders resolved with retreatment
No adverse effects

Question 8

Duodenal infusion of donor faeces for recurrent c-diff
- NEJM 2013

Answer 8

Frozen poopsicle!! - poop in capsule, taken orally, no need NGT / colonoscopy

14 of 20 recurrent c diff resolved
4 of 6 non responders resolved with retreatment
No adverse effects

Question 9

Gut microbiome in early onset colorectal cancer

Answer 9

Significant difference in gut species in patient with CRC < 50 years vs < 65 years

Question 10

Gut microbiome in early onset colorectal cancer

Answer 10

Significant difference in gut species in patient with CRC < 50 years vs < 65 years

Question 11

Gut microbiome and longevity
- Fruit fly study

Answer 11

Significant increased longevity of fruit fly
Fruit fly has similar gut biochemical pathways as humans

Question 12

Gut microbiome on irritable bowel disease

Answer 12

Preliminary studies - almost 80% patients responded to fecal transplant
Not every stool samples are equal - some are better
Placebo - 23%
30g - 60%
60g - 78%

Question 13

FMT in cravings
- Bajaj, Hepatology 2020
- Philips 2013

Answer 13

Reduces alcohol craving and consumption
Reduces hospitalisation

Question 14

Gut microbiome possibly affects:

Answer 14

Obesity
CVS
Stroke
ASD
Parkinson
IBS
Hepatic encephalopathy
Longevity

Question 15

Biological dark matter - unexplored

Answer 15

40-50% genetic material in human gut

Question 16

Coffee on health

Answer 16

2 cups of coffee (decaf and regular) reduces malignancy risk, gout, stones, psychiatry, DM, etc
Lower total and all cause mortality
Lower levels of CRP and TNF-a
Longer telomeres
Likely unrelated to caffeine since benefits found in both decaf and regular

Question 17

Tea on health benefits

Answer 17

Lower atheroma
Lower cognitive decline
Lower mortality