gut infections Flashcards
what is a mwtabolome?
complete set if all low mwt metabolibes producded during metabolosm
what is a resistome?
collection of LL THE AMR genes in the enviroment
how can bacteria be AMR?
they can aqqure it by HGT
can be intrinsiclaly resitnat by not having antibiotic TARGET site
can have phenotypic hcsracteisitics like forming spores or swarming
what is dysbiosis
change in bacterial composition due to age,genetics,drugs,diet
reduces bacteiral diversityand can evoke immune resposje ,aking people susceptible to disease
what is main differenc ebetween cultutr based and culture indepeont based techniques?
indeendent - identifies the microbe strain, which nucleic acid, uses genomic sequencing tool
dependent - use agar plates and test out antibiotics and see if there are zones of inhibitionzon
what does a large zone of inhibiton indicates
the bacteria is very ssuceptibelt o this antibtiotic
this antibiotic is effective at targeting bacteira
what are features of H.pylori
gram negative
helical shape
unipolar and has flagella
microaerophillic so can survive in low oxygen envriomment of GIT
also fastidiuous so need a complex nutrient requirement
urease postivie
how does H/pylori infect cells
flagella moves towards mucosal memebrane ans secretes exotoxins which neutalise gastic acid with urease and damage mucosa
then uses a type 4 secretion system to stimulate signal transduction cascades to stimulate cell growth, inhibit apoptosis and promote cancers
how can we diagnose h.pylori / peptic ulcer dieases
use endoscopy to take biopsy
stool antigen tests
detect presense of urease enxymes using a breath test
how does Hpylori resist antibiotics
can increase expression of memebrane barrier prorteins so
biofilm production also forms a barrier
can secrete enzymes and virulence facrots
can have escape machasim (form endosporwe, coccoid and induce autophagy
