Gut Immunology-1/27/16

Question 1

In the development of oral tolerance, ags are captured in the lamina propria and peyers patches and carried to mesenteric LNs by these cells ____

Answer 1

DC’s

Question 2

In the development of oral tolerance, DC’s stimulate expansion of induced Treg’s (iTregs) by a mechanism dependent on ___

Answer 2

TGF-b, RA, and IDO

Question 3

In the development of oral tolerance, DC’s induce ___-secreting plasma cells through RA-dependent mechanisms in the mesenteric LN

Answer 3

IgA

Question 4

In the development of oral tolerance, gut-homing iTregs are expanded in the lamina propria by ___-expressing macrophages

Answer 4

IL-10

Question 5

The gut microbiota or its constituents can suppress allergic IR’s through the induction of ____

Answer 5

Tregs

Question 6

___ cells suppress Th2 cells that are central to generating IgE and allergic effector cells

Answer 6

iTregs

Question 7

Gut microbiota have what effect on the following regarding food tolerance? (Increase or decrease)
A) Tregs
B) B cells (IgE)
C) Basophils

Answer 7

A) Increase Tregs
B) Decrease IgE
C) Decrease basophils

Question 8

An increase in Th__ cells are seen with food allergies

Answer 8

2

Question 9

List nutritional factors that may promote food allergies:

List nutritional factors that may suppress food allergies/promote tolerance:

Answer 9

High fat diet and medium chain TGs

Vitamins A and D and long chain FA’s

Question 10

What are the 2 non-toxic adverse food reactions?

Answer 10

Non-immune-mediated (food intolerance)

Immune-mediated (food allergy)

Question 11

Non-immune-mediated (food intolerance) mechanisms include:

Answer 11

Pharmacological, enzymatic, certain irritants, and psycosomatic responses

Question 12

Immune-mediated (food allergy) mechanisms include:

Answer 12

IgE-mediated (type 1 hypersensitivity)

Non-IgE-mediated: Type 3 hypersensitivity (IgG or IgM immune complex rxn) or Type 4 hypersensitivity (DTH or cell-mediated rxns)

Question 13

An IgE-mediated response of food allergies is what type of hypersensitivity?

A non-IgE-mediated response of food allergies is what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 13

Type 1

Type 4 (cellular mechanism) or type 3

Question 14

When mast cells are activated by IgE, mast cells release these granules that lead to increase epithelial permeability:

Answer 14

Proteases –> tryptase (tight junction rearrangement)

Histamine

De novo synthesis of cytokines –> IL-1b, TNF-a

Question 15

GI manifestations of food allergy are dependent on Th2 cytokines, including these cytokines____

Answer 15

IL-4,IL-13, IL-9

Question 16

____ cells are central to both local and systemic manifestations of food allergy

Answer 16

Mast

Question 17

___ and __ mediate the local acute GI response (diarrhea) to allergen exposure

Answer 17

PAF

Serotonin

Question 18

Anaphylaxis is a rxn resulting from sudden release of multiple chemical mediators, as a result of events mediated by ___ abs.

Answer 18

IgE

Question 19

What receptor on mast cells will bind IgE?

Answer 19

FcERI

Question 20

Nut allergies are mediated by these Ab-Ab receptor combinations

Answer 20

IgE/FcERI

IgG1/FcyRII/III

Question 21

___ released from activated mast cells act on C3 and C5 to locally generate C3a and C5a which activate mast cells to further exacerbate symptoms in anaphylaxis

Answer 21

Tryptase

Question 22

What molecules/genes are the main predisposing factors for celiac disease?

Answer 22

HLA-DQ2 and DQ8

Question 23

Serum Abs against the ubiquitous enzyme ___ are specifically associated with Celiac disease

Answer 23

Tissue Transglutaminase 2 (TG2)

Question 24

Gluten is a ___-rich protein that is poorly digested in SI tract due to a lack of prolylendopeptidases. It is also rich in glutamine residues

Answer 24

Proline

Question 25

The majority of Celiac diseased patients express the ____ heterodimer

Answer 25

HLA-DQ2.5

Question 26

Tissue damage due to gluten-specific CD4 T cells occurs in a type ___ hypersensitivity manner

Answer 26

IV

Question 27

This cytokine links the adaptive IR to innate IR’s in the pathogenesis of celiac disease

Answer 27

IL-15

Question 28

It is recommended for initial testing for Celiac disease starts with measurement of ___ antibody to human tissue transglutaminase

Answer 28

IgA

Question 29

IFN-y and TNF are cytokines of Th__ that are involved in CMI and cytotoxicity/DTH

IL-17 and TNF are cytokines of Th__ that can activate neutrophils

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are cytokines of Th__ that are involved in IgE-dependent parasite defense and allergies

Answer 29

1

17

2