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AP World History Summer Work > Guns,and Steel/6 Glasses Vocab > Flashcards

Guns,and Steel/6 Glasses Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Auto-Catalytic process

A

one that speeds up at a rate that increases with time, because the process catalyzes itself

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2
Q

Proximate

A

closest in relationship; immediate

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3
Q

Egalitarian

A

a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic affairs

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4
Q

Kleptocracy

A

a term applied to a government seen as having a particularly severe and systemic problem with officials or a ruling class

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5
Q

Social Organization

A

is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals

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6
Q

Nomadic

A

roaming about from place to place aimlessly, frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement

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7
Q

“Founder” crops

A

the eight plant species that were domesticated by early Holocene

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8
Q

Cuneiform

A

denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets

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9
Q

Hegemony

A

influence or control over another country, a group of people, etc

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10
Q

Metallurgy

A

science that deals with the nature and uses of metal

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11
Q

Sedentary Agriculture

A

a method of agriculture in which the same land is farmed every year, the opposite of nomadic farming

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

the spread of cultural elements from one area or group of people to others by contact

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13
Q

Subsistence agriculture

A

When farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families. The output is mostly for local requirements with little or no surplus for trade

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14
Q

Indigenous

A

Existing naturally or having always lived in a place; native

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15
Q

Neolithic

A

the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

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16
Q

Cultivation

A

the act or art of cultivating or tilling

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17
Q

Fermentation

A

a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells.

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18
Q

Distillation

A

the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.

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19
Q

The Age of Exploration

A

a period from the early 15th century that continued into the early 17th century, during which European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners.

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20
Q

Alchemy

A

a science that was used in the Middle Ages with the goal of changing ordinary metals into gold

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21
Q

Alexander the Great

A

a King of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedona and a member of the Argead dynasty

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22
Q

American Revolution

A

a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the British

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23
Q

Aristotle

A

a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice

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24
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach

A

a German composer and musician of the Baroque period

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25
Q

Francis Bacon

A

an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. He served both as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England.

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26
Q

Sir Joseph Banks

A

a British naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the 1766 natural history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador.

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27
Q

Battle Of Tours

A

was a battle fought in an area between the cities of Poitiers and Tours, in north-central France, near the village of Moussais-la-Bataille, about 20 kilometres northeast of Poitiers.

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28
Q

Bloodletting

A

the surgical removal of some of a patient’s blood for therapeutic purposes.

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29
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773.

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30
Q

British East India in India and China

A

an English and later British joint-stock company, which was formed to pursue trade with the East Indies but ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and Qing China.

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31
Q

Bureaucracy

A

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives

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32
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

an American politician and author who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981

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33
Q

Charlemagne

A

known as Charles the Great or Charles I, was King of the Franks. He united a large part of Europe during the early Middle Ages and laid the foundations for modern France, Germany and the Low Countries.

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34
Q

Silk Roads

A

a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.

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35
Q

Coercive Acts

A

a series of laws relating to Britain’s colonies in North America and passed by the British Parliament in 1774.

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36
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

37
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.

38
Q

Thomas Edison

A

United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope.

39
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961.

40
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. Dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur, it is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature.

41
Q

Fertile Cresent

A

a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, the Nile Valley and Nile Delta.

42
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A renowned polymath. A leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat

43
Q

French Revolution

A

a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire.

44
Q

Marius Gaius

A

a Roman general and statesman. He held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career.

45
Q

Galen

A

a prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman empire.

46
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century

47
Q

Grog

A

a variety of alcoholic beverages. The word originally referred to a drink made with water and rum, which British Vice Admiral Edward Vernon introduced into the naval squadron he commanded in the West Indies on 21 August 1740.

48
Q

Johannesburg Gutenberg

A

a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe.

49
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

a Founding Father of the United States, chief staff aide to General George Washington, one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the U.S. Constitution

50
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire. Through his administrative direction, he is regarded as the main initiator of what would be known as the Age of Discoveries.

51
Q

Herodotus

A

a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria and lived in the fifth century BC, a contemporary of Socrates.

52
Q

Hippocrates

A

a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles, and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

53
Q

Homer

A

is best known as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. He was believed by the ancient Greeks to have been the first and greatest of the epic poets. Author of the first known literature of Europe, he is central to the Western canon.

54
Q

Indian Mutiny

A

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 refers to a rebellion in India against the rule of the British East India Company, that ran from May 1857 to July 1859.

55
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

the movement in which machines changed people’s way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, the people of England began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines.

56
Q

Julius Caesar

A

was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

57
Q

Genghis Khan

A

born in Temüjin, was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

58
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War.

59
Q

Lao-tau

A

an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer. He is known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism, and as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions.

60
Q

John Locke

A

an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the “Father of Liberalism”

61
Q

King Louis XIV

A

known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

62
Q

Mesopotamia

A

the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.

63
Q

Molasses Act

A

an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies.

64
Q

Montesquieu

A

a French lawyer and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

65
Q

Richard Nixon

A

the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974 when he became the only U.S. president to resign the office.

66
Q

Opium War

A

two wars in the mid-19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China’s sovereignty.

67
Q

Paleolithic

A

the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.

68
Q

Plato

A

a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

69
Q

Plutarch

A

a Greek historian, biographer, and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia. He is classified as a Middle Platonist. His surviving works were written in Greek, but intended for both Greek and Roman readers.

70
Q

Marco Polo

A

was a Venetian merchant traveller whose travels are recorded in Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo (Livres des merveilles du monde), a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China.

71
Q

Rousseau

A

a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the overall development of modern political and educational thought.

72
Q

Anwar Sadat

A

the third President of Egypt, serving from 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers in 1981. He was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

73
Q

6 Day War

A

known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.

74
Q

Adam Smith

A

a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. He is best known for two classic works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776).

75
Q

Ariel Sharon

A

an Israeli politician and general who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel until he was incapacitated by a stroke in January 2006. He was a commander in the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948.

76
Q

Socrates

A

was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes.

77
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Holding the post of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was effectively the dictator of the state.

78
Q

Sugar Act

A

also known as the American Revenue Act or the American Duties Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764.

79
Q

Symposium

A

was a drinking party. Literary works that describe or take place at a symposium include two Socratic dialogues, Plato’s Symposium and Xenophon’s Symposium, as well as a number of Greek poems such as the elegies of Theognis of Megara.

80
Q

Taoism/Daoism

A

a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin with an emphasis on living in harmony with, and in accordance to the natural flow or cosmic structural order of the universe commonly referred to as the Tao

81
Q

Tea Act

A

the final straw in a series of unpopular policies and taxes imposed by Britain on her American colonies. The policy ignited a “powder keg” of opposition and resentment among American colonists and was the catalyst of the Boston Tea Party.

82
Q

Theodosius I

A

was Roman Emperor from AD 379 to AD 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire

83
Q

Consumerism

A

the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers-Feedback

84
Q

Voltaire

A

was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.

85
Q

Harry Truman

A

an American politician of the Democratic Party. He served as Vice President (1945) before he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945 upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt

86
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

also known as the Whiskey Insurrection, was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington.

87
Q

Zam Zam Cola

A

a brand of soft drink produced in Iran.It is particularly popular in parts of the Muslim world, having gained a status there as a Muslim alternative to American products such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi.

88
Q

Ziggurats

A

were a form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians of ancient Mesopotamia.The earliest examples date from the end of the third millennium BCE and the latest date from the 6th century BCE.

AP World History Summer Work (2 decks)

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