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Obstetrics & Gynae RIA > GUM > Flashcards

GUM Flashcards

1
Q

5 P’s of sexual history

A

1) Partners
2) Prevention of pregnancy
3) Protection from STD
4) Past STDs
5) Practices (that may increase risk fo BBV infection e.g. HIV/Hepatitis

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2
Q

risk factors for Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A
  • DM
  • Abx
  • Steroids
  • pregnnacy
  • HRT
  • COCP
  • HIV
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3
Q

another name for vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Thrush

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4
Q

what is candida

A

yeast

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5
Q

signs & symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis/thrush

A

dyspareunia, dysuria, itchy, thick curdy/cottage discharge

red, pustular lesions with superficial white/creamy plaques that can be scraped off

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6
Q

most common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Yeast Candida Albicans

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7
Q

presence of clue cells seen in…

A

bacterial vaginosis

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8
Q

treatment of thrush

A

intravaginal anti-fungal cream/pessary (clotrimazole)

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9
Q

overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic microorganisms in the vaginal flora

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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10
Q

what causes bacterial vaginosis

A

loss of the lactobacilli bacteria in the vagina and overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic microorganisms in vaginal flora

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11
Q

risk factors for bacterial vaginosis

A
  • multiple sexual partners
  • excessive vaginal cleaning
  • smoking
  • recent abx
  • copper coil
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12
Q

type of discharge in bacterial vaginosis?

A

fishy-smelling watery grey or white discharge

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13
Q

microscopy finding in bacterial vaginosis

A

clue cells on microscopy, these are epithelial cells from the cervix that have bacteria stuck inside them (usually Gardnerella vaginalis)

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14
Q

management of bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

alcohol & metronidazole reaction

A

Disulfiram-like reaction with nausea & vomiting & flushing, sometimes severe symotoms of shock & angiodema

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16
Q

what pH is suggestive of bacterial vaginosis

A

pH > 4.5

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17
Q

what is trichomonas vaginalis

A

protozoan parasite, highly motile

18
Q

appearance of cervix in trichomonas vaginalis?

A

strawberry cervix due to presence of punctuate haemorrhages

19
Q

typical discharge in trichomonas vaginalis

A

frothy & yellow-green , fishy smell

20
Q

2 dicharge causes with raised vaginal pH (>4.5)

A
  • bacterial vaginosis

- trichomonas vaginosis

21
Q

abx to treat trichomonas vaginosis

A

metronidazole

22
Q

most common STI worldwide?

A

Chlamydia

23
Q

what as a minimum is tested for when a patient attends a GUM clinic (4)

A
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhoea
  • Syphilis
  • HIV
24
Q

what are the 2 tests used for sexual health screening

A

Charcoal swabs
&
NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test)

25
Q

1st line for uncomplicated chlamydia infection

A

Doxycyline 100 mg BD for 7 days

26
Q

pregnancy related complications of untreated chlamydia

A
  • preterm delivery
  • premature rupture of membranes
  • low birth weight
  • postpartum endometritis
  • neonatal infection (conjunctivitis & pneumonia)
27
Q

complications of un treated STI in males

A

prostatitis & epididimo-orchitis

28
Q

ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis

29
Q

STI caused by spirochete gram negative bacterious

A

Syphylis

30
Q

bacteria that causes syphylis

A

Treponema pallidum

spiral shaped bacteria (spirochete)

31
Q

primary syphilis characterised by

A

painless genital ulcer (chancre) & local lymphadenopathy

32
Q

symptoms of secondary syphylis

A
  • maculopapular rash
  • condylomata lata
  • low grade fever
  • lymphadenopathy
  • alopecia
  • oral lesions
33
Q

tertiary syphylis (3)

A
  • Gummatous lesions
  • Aortic aneurysms
  • Neurosyphylis
34
Q

pupil abnormality finding in neurosyphylis

A

Argyll-Robertson pupil

constricted pupil that accomodates but does not react

35
Q

standard treatment for Syphylis?

A

deep intramuscular dose of benzathine benzylpenicillin

36
Q

why is repeat testing for HIV necessary?

A

can take up to 3 months to develop antibodies to the virus after infection

37
Q

how is HIV monitored?

A

CD4 count: the lower the count the higher the risk of opportunistic infection

&
Viral load: no. of copies of HIV RNA

38
Q

what does PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) involve?

A

combination of ART therapy to be given within 72 hours of possible exposure

HIV tests done immediately & at 3 months to confirm negative status

39
Q

HSV strain most associated with cold sores

A

1

40
Q

HSV strain most associated with genital herpes

A

2

41
Q

what are anogenital warts caused by?

A

Human papillomavirus

42
Q

HPV genotypes causing anogenital warts

A

6 & 11

Obstetrics & Gynae RIA (9 decks)

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