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Obstetrics & Gynae RIA > GUM > Flashcards

GUM Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

5 P’s of sexual history

A

1) Partners
2) Prevention of pregnancy
3) Protection from STD
4) Past STDs
5) Practices (that may increase risk fo BBV infection e.g. HIV/Hepatitis

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2
Q

risk factors for Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A
  • DM
  • Abx
  • Steroids
  • pregnnacy
  • HRT
  • COCP
  • HIV
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3
Q

another name for vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Thrush

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4
Q

what is candida

A

yeast

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5
Q

signs & symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis/thrush

A

dyspareunia, dysuria, itchy, thick curdy/cottage discharge

red, pustular lesions with superficial white/creamy plaques that can be scraped off

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6
Q

most common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

Yeast Candida Albicans

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7
Q

presence of clue cells seen in…

A

bacterial vaginosis

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8
Q

treatment of thrush

A

intravaginal anti-fungal cream/pessary (clotrimazole)

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9
Q

overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic microorganisms in the vaginal flora

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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10
Q

what causes bacterial vaginosis

A

loss of the lactobacilli bacteria in the vagina and overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic microorganisms in vaginal flora

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11
Q

risk factors for bacterial vaginosis

A
  • multiple sexual partners
  • excessive vaginal cleaning
  • smoking
  • recent abx
  • copper coil
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12
Q

type of discharge in bacterial vaginosis?

A

fishy-smelling watery grey or white discharge

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13
Q

microscopy finding in bacterial vaginosis

A

clue cells on microscopy, these are epithelial cells from the cervix that have bacteria stuck inside them (usually Gardnerella vaginalis)

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14
Q

management of bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

alcohol & metronidazole reaction

A

Disulfiram-like reaction with nausea & vomiting & flushing, sometimes severe symotoms of shock & angiodema

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16
Q

what pH is suggestive of bacterial vaginosis

A

pH > 4.5

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17
Q

what is trichomonas vaginalis

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A

protozoan parasite, highly motile

18
Q

appearance of cervix in trichomonas vaginalis?

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A

strawberry cervix due to presence of punctuate haemorrhages

19
Q

typical discharge in trichomonas vaginalis

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A

frothy & yellow-green , fishy smell

20
Q

2 dicharge causes with raised vaginal pH (>4.5)

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A
  • bacterial vaginosis

- trichomonas vaginosis

21
Q

abx to treat trichomonas vaginosis

Study These Flashcards
A

metronidazole

22
Q

most common STI worldwide?

23
Q

what as a minimum is tested for when a patient attends a GUM clinic (4)

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A
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhoea
  • Syphilis
  • HIV
24
Q

what are the 2 tests used for sexual health screening

Study These Flashcards
A

Charcoal swabs
&
NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test)

25
1st line for uncomplicated chlamydia infection
Doxycyline 100 mg BD for 7 days
26
pregnancy related complications of untreated chlamydia
- preterm delivery - premature rupture of membranes - low birth weight - postpartum endometritis - neonatal infection (conjunctivitis & pneumonia)
27
complications of un treated STI in males
prostatitis & epididimo-orchitis
28
ophthalmia neonatorum
Neonatal conjunctivitis
29
STI caused by spirochete gram negative bacterious
Syphylis
30
bacteria that causes syphylis
Treponema pallidum spiral shaped bacteria (spirochete)
31
primary syphilis characterised by
painless genital ulcer (chancre) & local lymphadenopathy
32
symptoms of secondary syphylis
- maculopapular rash - condylomata lata - low grade fever - lymphadenopathy - alopecia - oral lesions
33
tertiary syphylis (3)
- Gummatous lesions - Aortic aneurysms - Neurosyphylis
34
pupil abnormality finding in neurosyphylis
Argyll-Robertson pupil constricted pupil that accomodates but does not react
35
standard treatment for Syphylis?
deep intramuscular dose of benzathine benzylpenicillin
36
why is repeat testing for HIV necessary?
can take up to 3 months to develop antibodies to the virus after infection
37
how is HIV monitored?
CD4 count: the lower the count the higher the risk of opportunistic infection & Viral load: no. of copies of HIV RNA
38
what does PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) involve?
combination of ART therapy to be given within 72 hours of possible exposure HIV tests done immediately & at 3 months to confirm negative status
39
HSV strain most associated with cold sores
1
40
HSV strain most associated with genital herpes
2
41
what are anogenital warts caused by?
Human papillomavirus
42
HPV genotypes causing anogenital warts
6 & 11

Obstetrics & Gynae RIA (9 decks)

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