GUM Flashcards
What are the 3 commonest symptoms of STI?
Urethral discharge
Genital ulcer
Vaginal discharge
How does bacterial vaginosis occur?
When the normal flora (lactobacillus) of the vagina is replaced by a mixed flora of gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes
What type of bacteria is gonorrhoea?
Gram negative
Intracellular diplococcus
What are the common complications of gonorrhoea?
Salpingitis
Bartholin’s abscess
Perihepatitis
Men = epididymitis and prostatitis
What urine test can be used to diagnose gonorrhoea?
NAAT
Nuclei acid amplification test
Which antibiotics are used to treat chlamydia?
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
What is the causative organism of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
Describe the early stages of syphilis
Incubation period of 10 to 90 days
Papules develop which also for it to become a painless, firm chancre
This heal spontaneously in 2 to 3 weeks
Describe the secondary infection of syphilis
4 to 10 weeks after the appearance of the primary lesion
Constitutional symptoms with fever, sore throat and arthralgia
Generalised lymphadenopathy, widespread rash, superficial ulcers in mouth and genitalia
Most symptoms subside in 3 to 12 weeks
Describe tertiary syphilis
This occurs after a latent period of two years or more
The characteristic lesion is a gumma
Gumma = A granulomatous, ulcerating lesion that can occur in skin, bones, liver and testes
Cardiovascular and neurosyphilis
Described congenital syphilis
30% are stillborn
2 to 6 weeks after birth there is nasal discharge, skin and mucous membrane lesions and failure to thrive
How do we diagnose syphilis?
Dark ground microscopy from swab
Serological tests-enzyme assay
What is the management of syphilis?
Early-intramuscular benzol penicillin for 10 days
Erythromycins if penicillin allergic
What are the routes of transmission of HIV?
Sexual intercourse
Mother to child
Contaminated blood, blood products and organ donations
Contaminated needles
What is the risk of getting HIV following a needlestick injury from a positive patient?
0.3%
3 in 1000