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Obstetrics And Gynaecology > GUM > Flashcards

GUM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 commonest symptoms of STI?

A

Urethral discharge
Genital ulcer
Vaginal discharge

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2
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis occur?

A

When the normal flora (lactobacillus) of the vagina is replaced by a mixed flora of gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes

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3
Q

What type of bacteria is gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative

Intracellular diplococcus

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4
Q

What are the common complications of gonorrhoea?

A

Salpingitis
Bartholin’s abscess
Perihepatitis

Men = epididymitis and prostatitis

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5
Q

What urine test can be used to diagnose gonorrhoea?

A

NAAT

Nuclei acid amplification test

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6
Q

Which antibiotics are used to treat chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline

Azithromycin

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7
Q

What is the causative organism of syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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8
Q

Describe the early stages of syphilis

A

Incubation period of 10 to 90 days
Papules develop which also for it to become a painless, firm chancre
This heal spontaneously in 2 to 3 weeks

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9
Q

Describe the secondary infection of syphilis

A

4 to 10 weeks after the appearance of the primary lesion
Constitutional symptoms with fever, sore throat and arthralgia
Generalised lymphadenopathy, widespread rash, superficial ulcers in mouth and genitalia
Most symptoms subside in 3 to 12 weeks

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10
Q

Describe tertiary syphilis

A

This occurs after a latent period of two years or more
The characteristic lesion is a gumma
Gumma = A granulomatous, ulcerating lesion that can occur in skin, bones, liver and testes
Cardiovascular and neurosyphilis

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11
Q

Described congenital syphilis

A

30% are stillborn

2 to 6 weeks after birth there is nasal discharge, skin and mucous membrane lesions and failure to thrive

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12
Q

How do we diagnose syphilis?

A

Dark ground microscopy from swab

Serological tests-enzyme assay

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13
Q

What is the management of syphilis?

A

Early-intramuscular benzol penicillin for 10 days

Erythromycins if penicillin allergic

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14
Q

What are the routes of transmission of HIV?

A

Sexual intercourse
Mother to child
Contaminated blood, blood products and organ donations
Contaminated needles

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15
Q

What is the risk of getting HIV following a needlestick injury from a positive patient?

A

0.3%

3 in 1000

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16
Q

Describe the HIV virus

A

An outer envelope and inner core
The core contains RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase which allows viral RNA to be transcribed into DNA and incorporated into the host cell Gino

17
Q

Which cells are attacked by HIV?

A

CD 4 cells

18
Q

What causes the immuno suppression with HIV?

A

A progressive and severe depletion of infected CD 4 helper lymphocytes which results in host susceptibility to infections with intracellular bacteria and mycobacteria

19
Q

Describe the primary HIV infection

A

Also called seroconversion
Illness occurs 2 to 4 weeks after infection
Symptoms are non-specific: fever, maculopapular rash, myalgia, headache
Illness last up to 3 weeks and recovery usually complete

20
Q

What is the management of HIV?

A

Antiretroviral drugs (HAART)
Social and psychological support
Prevention of opportunistic infections and transmission of HIV

21
Q

What factors contribute to the management decisions in a patient with HIV?

A

Clinical assessment
Viral load
CD 4 count

22
Q

What is the characteristic sign of acute PID?

A

Cervical motion tenderness

23
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Vaginal discharge
Fishy odour
Not itchy

24
Q

What is the management of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Oral metronidazole or clindamycin

25
Q

What are the symptoms of vaginal Candida?

A

Intense pruritus
Vulvovaginal erythema
Curd like discharge

26
Q

What is the management of vaginal candida?

A

Topical clotrimazole

Oral fluconazole

27
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Profuse, malodorous vaginal discharge
Post-coital bleeding
Vulvovaginal erythema

28
Q

What is the management of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Oral metronidazole

29
Q

Is bacterial vaginosis sexually transmitted?

A

No

30
Q

Is trichomonas vaginalis sexually transmitted?

A

Yes

31
Q

What virus causes genital warts?

A

Human papilloma virus

32
Q

Which type of herpes simplex is the commonest cause of genital herpes?

A

Type 2

33
Q

What is the management of genital herpes?

A

Oral aciclovir

34
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

35
Q

What is the management of syphilis?

A

IM benzathine penicillin

36
Q

What are the risk factors for PID?

A 
Multiple sexual partners
Frequent vaginal douching
IUD insertion
Previous PID
No contraception
37
Q

How many sperm per ml should be present?

A

15 million

38
Q

What percentage of sperm should demonstrate normal motility for a normal analysis?

A

50%

39
Q

What percentage of sperm need to have a normal form for a normal analysis?

A

At least 4%

Obstetrics And Gynaecology (6 decks)

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