Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

Question 1

What is GBS?

Answer 1

Immune-mediated demyelination of the peripheral nervous system often triggered by an infection

Question 2

Name 2 infections that GBS is associated with

Answer 2

• Campylobacter jejuni
• Cytomegalovirus
• Epstein-Barr virus

Question 3

1) GBS is thought to occur due to a process called what?
2) What happens in this process?
3) What do the antibodies target (as well as the infection)?

Answer 3

1) Molecular mimicry
2) B cells of the immune system create antibodies against the antigens on the pathogen that causes the preceding infection but these antibodies also match proteins on the nerve cells
3) Proteins on the myelin sheath of the motor nerve cell or the nerve axon

Question 4

Name 2 ways GBS presents

Answer 4

• Symmetrical ascending weakness
• Reduced reflexes
• There may be peripheral loss of sensation or neuropathic pain
• It may progress to the cranial nerves and cause facial nerve weakness

Question 5

How long after the original infection do GBS symptoms usually start?

Answer 5

4 weeks

Question 6

Name 2 aspects of the management of GBS

Answer 6

• IV immunoglobulins
• Plasma exchange
• Supportive care
• VTE prophylaxis