Guiding Principles.

Question 1

Define Ethos/Ethic

Answer 1

The distinguishing character, sentiment, moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or institution.

Question 2

What are Ethical Delimmas

Answer 2

Characterized by the LACK OF OBVIOUS, agreed-upon, right course of action – we have difficulty choosing which value should have priority.

Question 3

What constitutes Personal Ethics?

Answer 3

Shaped by religious beliefs, cultural heritage, family values, moral teaching, education, and life experiences.

Question 4

What constitutes Societal Ethics?

Answer 4

Compilation of personal values of many individuals within a society and are reflected in their laws and other social practices.

Question 5

What constitutes Professional Ethics?

Answer 5

Evolve from both personal and societal ethics, but are learned and developed through professional education and practice (Often codified to become a code of ethics).

Question 6

What are the 4 ethical theories?

Answer 6

Teleological theory
Deontological theory
Casuistry theory
Virtue theory

Question 7

Define Teleological theory…

It is composed of 2 other similar philosophies

Answer 7

Telos-end
Utilitarianism–the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Consequentialism– the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences.

or…The ends justifies the means

Question 8

Define Deontological

Answer 8

dealing with duty, moral obligation, and right action.

Question 9

Define Casuistry

Answer 9

Case based strategy

Pragmatic–considers rules or precedents to decide what’s right or wrong in a case.

Question 10

Define Virtue

Answer 10

aka Character ethics.
Pertaining to the total value and moral system of an individual.
Can be a challenge to establish precise connection between conduct & virtues

Question 11

Define the 4 Major Principles of Health Care Ethics***

Answer 11

Autonomy–the right of an individual to be self determining & make independent decisions about one’s life. (Informed consent, and information releases.i.e. do not resuscitate.)

Beneficence–Refers to actions that benefit others and do good.

Non-Maleficence–DO NO HARM.

Justice–Obligation to fairness.

Question 12

Define the 3 types of justice

Answer 12

Rights-based Justice–To respect the legal and ethical rights of the individual. (right to treat v right not to treat).

Legal justice–To honor morally acceptable laws; following all legal practice guidelines.

Distributive justice–Equitable distribution of resources (we’re still working on this one)

Question 13

APTA Code of Ethics

Name the 5 roles of the Physical Therapist

Answer 13

1. Management of patients/clients (scheduling, treatment schedule)
2. Consultation (collaborate with another professional or company)
3. Education (teaching patients and staff)
4. Research (evidence based research)
5. Administration

Question 14

APTA Code of Ethics

Name the 7 Core Values of the PT

Answer 14

1. Accountability
2. Altruism (Put others first)
3. Compassion/Caring
4. Excellence (strive to continue learning)
5. Integrity
6. Professional duty
7. Social responsibility

Question 15

get ethical principles from APTA website

Answer 15

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Question 16

Name the 3 conceptual models of health care.

Answer 16

Biomedical
Bio-psychosocial
Integrative Medicine.

Question 17

Biomedical model

Answer 17

Primary basis of conventional western medicine.
Health is defined by physical norms. (symptoms)
Patient receives pharaceuticals and surgery.
Scientific method (evidence based) practice.

Question 18

Bio-psychosocial model

Answer 18

Incorporates client’s experience of illness
Broader definition of causation than biomedical (can include psychosocial factors..high blood pressure is from stress)
Clients are to be active participants in care.
Considers data from social sciences.

Question 19

Integrative Medicine model

Answer 19

Focuses on the ‘team based’ approach, integrates information and expertise from various disciplines.
Strives to align healthcare across the lifespan.
Facilitates seamless integration of care across caregivers and institutions. (best if team works as a unit).