Guide

Question 2

What is the main responsibility of those who care for, use, or produce animals for research?

Answer 2

To assume responsibility for their well-being.

This principle is affirmed by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Question 3

Who created the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?

Answer 3

Scientists and veterinarians for scientists and veterinarians.

Question 4

What role does the Guide play in the use of vertebrate laboratory animals?

Answer 4

It establishes minimum ethical, practice, and care standards for researchers and institutions.

Question 5

What U.S. legislation governs the use of laboratory animals?

Answer 5

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA 1990) and Regulations (PL 89-544; USDA 1985) and/or Public Health Service (PHS) Policy (PHS 2002).

Question 6

What is the purpose of the self-regulation and regulatory oversight system established by the Guide?

Answer 6

To bind researchers and institutions using animals to humane care and use responsibilities.

Question 7

Define ‘laboratory animals’ as per the Guide.

Answer 7

Any vertebrate animal produced for or used in research, testing, or teaching.

Question 8

What is meant by ‘animal use’?

Answer 8

The proper care, use, and humane treatment of laboratory animals produced for or used in research, testing, or teaching.

Question 9

What does the Guide aim to promote?

Answer 9

The humane care and use of laboratory animals.

Question 10

Who is the intended audience for the Guide?

Answer 10

The scientific community, administrators, IACUCs, veterinarians, educators and trainers, producers of laboratory animals, accreditation bodies, regulators, and the public.

Question 11

What are the ‘Three Rs’ in animal research?

Answer 11

• Replacement
• Reduction
• Refinement

Question 12

What does ‘Replacement’ mean in the context of the Three Rs?

Answer 12

Methods that avoid using animals, including absolute and relative replacements.

Question 13

What is ‘Refinement’ in the context of the Three Rs?

Answer 13

Modifications of husbandry or experimental procedures to enhance animal well-being and minimize pain and distress.

Question 14

Define ‘Reduction’ in animal research.

Answer 14

Strategies for obtaining comparable information from fewer animals or maximizing information from a given number of animals.

Question 15

What does ‘humane care’ entail according to the Guide?

Answer 15

Actions taken to ensure laboratory animals are treated according to high ethical and scientific standards.

Question 16

What is an ‘Animal Care and Use Program’?

Answer 16

The policies, procedures, standards, and practices implemented by an institution for humane animal care.

Question 17

What is the difference between ‘engineering standards’ and ‘performance standards’?

Answer 17

Engineering standards specify a method with limited flexibility, while performance standards allow discretion in achieving outcomes.

Question 18

True or False: The Guide is only applicable to institutions covered by the Animal Welfare Act.

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

What is the significance of ethical considerations in animal research?

Answer 19

They guide the research community in accepting responsibility for the care and use of animals.

Question 20

Who published the original concept of the Three Rs?

Answer 20

W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch in 1959.

Question 21

What should be included in studies that may result in severe pain?

Answer 21

Descriptions of appropriate humane endpoints or science-based justification for not using a humane endpoint.

Question 22

What is meant by ‘practice standard’?

Answer 22

The application of professional judgment by qualified individuals to enhance animal care.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The Guide encourages researchers to consider the __________ of animal use.

Answer 23

contribution to new knowledge.

Question 24

What does practice standard mean?

Answer 24

The application of professional judgment by qualified, experienced individuals to enhance animal care and use

Practice standards are informed by peer-reviewed literature and field experience.

Question 25

What is the role of professional judgment in practice standards?

Answer 25

It comes from peer-reviewed scientific literature, textbooks, and time-proven experiences in the field ## Footnote Professional judgment is essential for making informed decisions.

Question 26

What do practice standards help determine in the absence of published literature?

Answer 26

Appropriate recommendations in the Guide for improving animal care and use ## Footnote These standards are based on demonstrated experiences.

Question 27

What is the purpose of the Guide in relation to institutional practices?

Answer 27

To provide flexibility for institutions to modify practices with changing conditions and new information ## Footnote This allows adaptation to evolving knowledge in animal care.

Question 28

How are policies typically derived?

Answer 28

From a public agency or private entity, reflecting collective wisdom or management direction ## Footnote Policies may also interpret existing statutes.

Question 29

What are principles in the context of animal care and use?

Answer 29

Broader generalizations about a topic often endorsed by diverse organizations ## Footnote An example is the U.S. Government Principles.

Question 30

What are procedures also known as?

Answer 30

Operating procedures or standard operating procedures ## Footnote These ensure consistent application of practices.

Question 31

What is the purpose of establishing standard operating procedures?

Answer 31

To ensure compliance with regulations, policies, and principles while managing day-to-day operations ## Footnote They provide structured guidance for institutions.

Question 32

What does 'Must' indicate in the Guide?

Answer 32

Imperative and mandatory duty or requirement for providing humane animal care and use ## Footnote This term signifies actions that are non-negotiable.

Question 33

What does 'Should' indicate in the Guide?

Answer 33

A strong recommendation for achieving a goal, allowing for alternative strategies in specific circumstances ## Footnote This term provides flexibility in implementation.

Question 34

What does 'May' suggest in the Guide?

Answer 34

A suggestion to be considered ## Footnote It is less forceful than 'Should' and 'Must.'

Question 35

What is the primary audience for the Guide?

Answer 35

Users, IACUCs, veterinarians, and producers involved in animal research, teaching, and testing ## Footnote The Guide is meant for diverse institutional settings.

Question 36

What is the key role of IACUCs according to the Guide?

Answer 36

Interpretation, implementation, oversight, and evaluation of institutional animal care and use programs ## Footnote IACUCs ensure compliance with the Guide's recommendations.