Guidance

Question 1

What is verbal guidance?

Answer 1

Communicating through words and speech.

Question 2

At what phases of learning is verbal guidance used?

Answer 2

Used at every phase of learning.

Question 3

How is verbal guidance often combined during learning?

Answer 3

Used with visual guidance (demo).

Question 4

When is verbal guidance particularly effective?

Answer 4

Effective in autonomous stage, especially when looking at tactics, match analysis.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of effective verbal guidance?

Answer 5

Must be clear and concise.

Question 6

In which phase is verbal guidance more effective?

Answer 6

More effective in autonomous phase.

Question 7

How should verbal guidance be provided to beginners?

Answer 7

Combine it with visual guidance.

Question 8

What is one advantage of verbal guidance?

Answer 8

Reinforce good/correct performance.

Question 9

How does verbal guidance help the performer?

Answer 9

Help selective attention of the performer.

Question 10

Can verbal guidance be provided during performance?

Answer 10

Yes, it can easily be provided during performance.

Question 11

What is a disadvantage of verbal guidance related to information?

Answer 11

Information overload

Verbal guidance can overwhelm the learner with too much information.

Question 12

How can verbal guidance provide inaccurate information?

Answer 12

It can give inaccurate info

The effectiveness of verbal guidance depends on the coach’s communication skills.

Question 13

What is a limitation of verbal guidance in relation to the learner?

Answer 13

Dependent on the learner’s ability to interpret info

Learners may struggle to understand the verbal instructions given.

Question 14

In which stage is verbal guidance less effective?

Answer 14

Cognitive stage

Learners in the cognitive stage may benefit more from visual guidance.

Question 15

What is the most common type of guidance used across all stages?

Answer 15

Visual Guidance

Visual guidance is widely utilized in various learning scenarios.

Question 16

What is one benefit of visual guidance in the cognitive stage?

Answer 16

Helps form a mental image

Visual guidance aids learners in visualizing the skill being taught.

Question 17

What is important to ‘cue’ in visual guidance?

Answer 17

Accurate models of demonstration

Ensuring accuracy in demonstrations is crucial for effective learning.

Question 18

What should be considered when presenting visual guidance to a learner?

Answer 18

Skills are ordered correctly (and subroutines)

Proper sequencing of skills enhances the learning process.

Question 19

How should demonstrations be structured when using visual guidance?

Answer 19

Simple, short and combined with verbal feedback

This approach helps reinforce learning and understanding.

Question 20

What types of materials are included in visual guidance?

Answer 20

Demos, videos, diagrams etc

Various visual aids can enhance the learning experience.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Some techniques are too difficult to describe ______.

Answer 21

verbally

Certain skills may require visual representation for effective teaching.

Question 22

What is a disadvantage of verbal guidance related to information?

Answer 22

Information overload

Verbal guidance can overwhelm the learner with too much information.

Question 23

How can verbal guidance provide inaccurate information?

Answer 23

It can give inaccurate info

The effectiveness of verbal guidance depends on the coach’s communication skills.

Question 24

What is a limitation of verbal guidance in relation to the learner?

Answer 24

Dependent on the learner’s ability to interpret info

Learners may struggle to understand the verbal instructions given.

Question 25

In which stage is verbal guidance less effective?

Answer 25

Cognitive stage ## Footnote Learners in the cognitive stage may benefit more from visual guidance.

Question 26

What is the most common type of guidance used across all stages?

Answer 26

Visual Guidance ## Footnote Visual guidance is widely utilized in various learning scenarios.

Question 27

What is one benefit of visual guidance in the cognitive stage?

Answer 27

Helps form a mental image ## Footnote Visual guidance aids learners in visualizing the skill being taught.

Question 28

What is important to 'cue' in visual guidance?

Answer 28

Accurate models of demonstration ## Footnote Ensuring accuracy in demonstrations is crucial for effective learning.

Question 29

What should be considered when presenting visual guidance to a learner?

Answer 29

Skills are ordered correctly (and subroutines) ## Footnote Proper sequencing of skills enhances the learning process.

Question 30

How should demonstrations be structured when using visual guidance?

Answer 30

Simple, short and combined with verbal feedback ## Footnote This approach helps reinforce learning and understanding.

Question 31

What types of materials are included in visual guidance?

Answer 31

Demos, videos, diagrams etc ## Footnote Various visual aids can enhance the learning experience.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Some techniques are too difficult to describe ______.

Answer 32

verbally ## Footnote Certain skills may require visual representation for effective teaching.

Question 34

22:36 C

Question 35

38

Question 36

Advantages of Visual Guidance

Question 37

• Create mental picture easily

Question 38

• Used at all stages

Question 39

• Encourages observational learning

Question 40

• Can draw attention to 'cues' / key elements of the skill

Question 41

Disadvantages of Visual Guidance

Question 42

• Demo can be incorrect (wrong mental image)

Question 43

• Coach may not be able to demo

Question 44

• Lots of irrelevant info may be present

Question 45

• May be unclear or too quick to follow

Question 46

E.g. - golf swing/ gym vault/ cricket reverse sweep

Question 47

Manual Guidance

Question 48

• Aim to reduce errors in performance by physically

Question 49

moving / supporting a performer's movements

Question 50

• E.g. - Holding the arms of a golfer during the swing

Question 51

- Manual - think manual labour

Answer 51

working with hands.

Question 53

22:36 C

Question 54

38

Question 55

• ••

Question 56

Mechanical Guidance

Question 57

• Mechanical guidance involves the use of equipment to

Question 58

help support the learner and shape the skill.

Question 59

Examples:

Question 60

Safety harness in gym

Question 61

Cricket bowling machine

Question 62

Tennis serving machine

Question 63

Floats in swimming

Question 64

Stabilizers on a bike

Question 65

- Mechanical - think mechanics

Answer 65

working with tools

Question 66

What are the advantages of manual /

Question 67

mechanical guidance?

Question 68

• Reduce fear + increase confidence

Question 69

• Good for dangerous situations

Question 70

• Useful in cognitive stage

Question 71

• Good for developing kinaesthetic sense

Question 72

• Remove guidance quickly to prevent dependency

Question 73

Eg - armbands in swimming/ stabilizers on a bike

Question 74

Examples of Manual /

Question 75

Mechanical Guidance

Question 76

• http://www.yoc

Question 77

4

Question 78

Feedback

Question 79

Knowledge of

Question 80

Performance

Question 81

Negative

Question 82

Positive

Question 83

Types of

Question 84

Feedback

Question 85

Extrinsic

Question 86

Intrinsic

Question 87

Knowledge

Question 88

of Results

Question 89

Why Use Feedback?

Question 90

• To detect errors in performance

Question 91

• To make improvements or adjustments

Question 92

• Reinforce learning

Question 93

• To aid motivation

Question 94

Two Main Categories of

Question 95

Feedback

Question 96

- Knowledge of Results (KR)

Question 97

- Knowledge of Performance (KP)

Question 99

What does Knowledge of Results (KR) focus on?

Answer 99

The result or outcome of the movement. ## Footnote Examples include statements like 'Good work', 'you had 8 shots', or 'your time was 11.8 seconds.'

Question 100

What type of feedback is Knowledge of Results (KR) often based on?

Answer 100

Extrinsic/external feedback, often given by a teacher or coach. ## Footnote Very little learning occurs in the early stages without this type of feedback.

Question 101

What does Knowledge of Performance (KP) feedback focus on?

Answer 101

The quality of movement pattern or action. ## Footnote Examples include statements like 'You leant back too far' and 'the angle of release is too low.'

Question 102

What type of feedback does Knowledge of Performance (KP) provide?

Answer 102

Intrinsic feedback arises from kinaesthetic awareness and can also be extrinsic. ## Footnote A teacher or coach can provide feedback on technique.

Question 103

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 103

Direct feedback from the internal proprioceptors or from the sensory system. ## Footnote Also known as kinaesthesis.

Question 104

Fill in the blank: Knowledge of Results (KR) is based on the _______ of the movement.

Answer 104

[result or outcome]

Question 105

Fill in the blank: Knowledge of Performance (KP) feedback is about the _______ of movement pattern or action.

Answer 105

[quality]

Question 106

True or False: Very little learning occurs in the early stages without Knowledge of Results (KR).

Answer 106

True

Question 107

What is another term for intrinsic feedback?

Answer 107

Kinaesthesis. ## Footnote This type of feedback is related to how the movement feels.