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Ocular Anatomy Guest (JK) > Guest Lecture: > Flashcards

Guest Lecture: Flashcards

1
Q

What is the length of the globe?

A

40 mm

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2
Q

What is the height of the eye socket?

A

35 mm

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3
Q

What is the length of the eye socket?

A

45-55 mm

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4
Q

What is “no-man’s land” referring to?

A

Poster 1/3 of the eye/orbit

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5
Q

What are the FOUR orbital walls?

A
  1. Orbital Roof
  2. Lateral Wall
  3. Floor
  4. Medial Wall
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6
Q

The sphenoid bone’s lesser and greater wings help make up the ___________.

A

apex of the orbit

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7
Q

The _____ is considered the most dangerous sinus because it is located adjacent to the optic nerve/optic canal.

A

Sphenoid

-When compromised, can lead to bilateral sphenoiditis (–>blindness)

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8
Q

What is the “address” of the orbit?

A

2234

3 & 4 can be remembered by “MPZ” and “SLEM”
(maxillary, paletine, zygomatic and sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary)

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9
Q

The location of this bone (with respect to the orbit) is seen in “blowout” fractures and is the second weakest bone surrounding the orbit.

A

floor of the orbit

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10
Q

What muscle is most likely compromised in an orbital fracture if the pt’s eye can’t gaze directly upwards?

A

inferior rectus

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11
Q

A pt comes in after an injury to the face. Symptoms include bad nose bleed and numbness from the cheek to the teeth on left side of the face. When viewed from a “worm’s-eye” view, the patient’s left eye appears to be sunken in (recessed).
If the patient still has ocular mobility in every direction, what might be the most likely thing you would see when the films come back?

A

infraorbital fracture (sunken floor)

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12
Q

The ____ is a fixed structure within the optic canal.

A

Optic Nerve

Before airbags, car accidents commonly caused a stretching of the optic nerve, rendering the pt blind.

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13
Q

The inner group/ring of extraocular muscles includes:

A

SR, IR, LR, MR

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14
Q

The outer group/ring of extraocular muscles includes:

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris muscle
  • superior oblique
  • inferior oblique
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15
Q

The inner and outer groups of EOMs come together, posteriorly, and attach at the ____________.

A

Annulus of Zinn

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16
Q

Trochlear nerve (motor) directly innervates ___________.

Abducens nerve (motor) directly innervates ___________.

A

superior oblique

lateral rectus

17
Q

Oculomotor nerve branches to which muscles of the EOMs?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris muscle
  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • medial rectus
18
Q

What might be a reason that a pt also experiences numbness of the face with a floor fracture?

A

The infraorbital nerve and fissure follow along the floor together.

19
Q

Per Dr. Cowan, what is one of the most important concepts to understand about of vascular anatomy around the eye?

A

All these veins and arteries go to their respective muscles and are within the cone of the orbit Problems here can present with ischemic issues to any of the muscles and/or to the eye.

(Ophthalmic artery -most important-can have a major impact on many other things, including the globe itself.)

20
Q

Infections on the face that spread in a retrograde fashion can result in a stroke of the ______________ because of the redundant communication of vessels around the face.

A

cavernous sinus

“don’t pop your pimples!”

21
Q

A pt that presents with gradual change of contact lens prescription in one eye and exhibits axial proptosis (also unilaterally). A retinal photo of the patient’s eye reveals choroidal folds. Based on this information, the change in prescription for this patient is that she is becoming more and more ________ ?

What might cause such a scenario?

A

hyperopic: the axial length is shortening

a tumor of the optic nerve or an edema might cause this bulging out of the eye

22
Q

The reason Asians/Mongoloids don’t have lid folds (absence of lid folds) is due to…?

A

Attachments underlying structures underneath the skin

The presense or absense of a lid fold can be attributed to the underlying structures underneath the skin.

23
Q

The Lacrimal Drainage system acts like a pump that drains the tears. The muscles and tendons that surround the lacrimal sac are referred to as “Lacrimal Pump.”
It is thought that the pump works via _______ _______ that occurs with each blink.

A

negative suction

lateral canthal tendon is key here

24
Q

Compromised or stretched out __________ can result in instability of the tarsal plates, which can lead to the rotation of the lid (outward or inward), causing the entire lash line to be right up against the cornea.

A

lateral and medial canthal tendons

25
Q

Orbicularis Oculi Muscle is a ___________ muscle.

A

protractor

closes the muscles of the lid

26
Q

The main retractor of the eyelid is ________, which lies along the most superior aspect of the orbit.

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

right above superior rectus

27
Q

The Levator Aponeurosis attaches at various locations to the _______.

A

tarsal plate

28
Q

When is comes to disruption or imflammation of the orbital septum, it is important to distinguish between ____ and ____.

A

pre and post-septal location

Which is worse? Post-septal

29
Q

What are the superior post-septal eyelid fat compartments (from medial to lateral)?

A
  1. Nasal fat pad
  2. Pre-aponeurotic fat pad

(These are separated by the Interpad septum)

30
Q

What are the inferior post-septal eyelid fat compartments (from medial to lateral)?

A
  1. Nasal fat pad
  2. Central fat pad
  3. Temporal fat pad

The central and temporal fat pads are separated by the Interpad septum (arcuate expansion of Lockwood’s ligament)

(nasal and central fat pads share path of inferior oblique muscle)

31
Q

The inability to blink normally and lid paralysis is likely a sign that the _________ muscles are not working correctly.

A

protractor

32
Q

A problem with the retractors of the eye in patients with Bell’s palsy will experience ________ lids.

A

wider

33
Q

The weakest portion of the eyelid is the ________.

A

inferior canaliculus

ex: dog bite, etc. can cause damage and compromise that portion of the lacrimal drainage system

34
Q

Lacrimal pump system is thought to function via a ______ _______.

A

negative pressure system

pulls tears into duct

35
Q

What does “kissing puncta” do to a patient’s tear drainage?

A

“Kissing puncta” is when the upper and lower puncta don’t separate. This prevents the tears from getting into the lacrimal drainage system, and causes tears to constantly run down the face.

(Per Dr. Cowan, often seen in patients with droopy upper lid)

Ocular Anatomy Guest (JK) (1 decks)

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