GUE - Fundamentals - Gas Management & Buoyancy Flashcards

1
Q

Why is good buoyancy important?

A

It supports diver safety.

It reduces effort required whilst diving.

It increases the enjoyment of diving.

It reduces gas consumption.

It allows longer bottom times.

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2
Q

What is the PRIMARY means of adjusting your buoyancy?

A

Buoyancy Compensator or Wing.

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3
Q

What should a diver do with his / her lungs while diving?

A

Breathe in the middle of the lungs when neutrally buoyant.

Take a deeper breath in to make him / herself positively buoyant.

Take a longer breath out to make him / herself negatively buoyant.

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4
Q

Where is the inflator button for the diver’s BC located when using the GUE equipment configuration?

A

On the left side of the diver close to the end of the corrugated hose that runs over the top of the left shoulder.

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5
Q

Why is it better to use the OPV for dumping gas from your wing?

A

It allows a diver to dump gas whilst remaining in trim.

It allows a diver to use the fins for propulsion whilst dumping gas.

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6
Q

How should gas be added to the diver’s BC system?

A

Slowly, adding small amounts of gas at a time and waiting 1 - 2 breathing cycles to monitor the effect of the added gas.

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7
Q

How can gas be dumped from the diver’s BC system?

A

Through the corrugated inflator hose.

and

Using the rear dump valve situated on the left side of the wing.

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8
Q

How should changes to buoyancy using your breathing and buoyancy device be carried out?

A

Slowly and in a controlled manner.

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9
Q

A diver’s body position in the water (trim) also helps their buoyancy.

A

True

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10
Q

It is important to make the dump valve the highest point on the BC to effectively dump gas. A diver can alter his or her body position in the water to do this.

A

True

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11
Q

Why is good buoyancy control important? Select the correct options.

A

It adds to diver safety.

It reduces gas consumption.

It reduces the impact on the environment.

It adds to the enjoyment of diving.

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12
Q

Neutral buoyancy should primarily be achieved using:

A

The wing.

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13
Q

What tools are available to the diver for fine tuning buoyancy?

A

The lungs. A diver can take a large breath in to account for negative buoyancy and a large breath out for positive buoyancy. The wing should then be used to regain true neutral buoyancy.

Propulsion. A diver can use kicks to mitigate negative or positive swings in buoyancy.

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14
Q

Why is it preferable to use the OPV of a diver’s wing for venting gas?

A

It requires less changes to the diver’s body position and allows a diver to remain in trim. This aids stability.

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15
Q

Why is it useful to be able to convert between pressure and volume?

A

To work out how much gas we have in our cylinders.

So that we can work out how much gas we need at a given depth for a specified period of time.

So that we can work out what pressure we need in our cylinders to give us a defined volume of gas.

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16
Q

What is the equation we use for converting between pressure and volume?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

17
Q

What volume of gas is there in a single Ali 80 cylinder filled to 2000psi?

A

50ft3

2000psi/100X2.5(TF) = 50FT3

Cylinder Pressure (PSI) / 100 X TF = Gas Volume (FT3)

18
Q

If we need 60ft3 of gas to execute a dive what pressure must we fill an Ali 80 cylinder to?

A

2,400 psi

60CF3/2.5(TF)X100= 2400psi

Gas Volume FT3 / TF X 100 = Cylinder Pressure (PSI)

19
Q

What is Surface Consumption Rate?

A

The volume of gas consumed in 1 minute whilst at the surface.

20
Q

What is the equation used for calculating SCR?

A

Volume consumed / (time of consumption x average depth in ata)

21
Q

What is a diver’s SCR when diver has consumed 135 bar / 2500psi in 30 minutes, during a dive to 20m / 60ft? Using a 12 l or Ali 80 cylinder.

A

0.69cuft / min

First we need to convert from pressure to volume:

2,500psi / 100 x 2.5(TF) = 62.5cuft.

Next we add the details to the SCR equation:

62.5cuft / (30min x 3ata) = 0.69cuft / min.

22
Q

What value do we use for average SCR and why?

A

20l/min or 0.75cuft/min - used because it is an appropriate average for divers with good foundational skills and because we don’t always know the individual SCRs for our team.

23
Q

What is the definition of minimum gas?

A

The amount of gas needed to get 2 divers from the deepest part of the dive to the surface, or next available gas source, whilst sharing gas.

24
Q

What must the team do when any diver in the team reaches minimum gas?

A

The whole team must start their ascent to the surface.

25
Q

What is the formula we use for calculating minimum gas?

A

CAT or CxAxT=

C= SCR x 2
A= Mx Depth/2 convert into ATA
T=10’/min ascent + 1 minute for emergency
= min gas ft3 than convert to cylinder pressure

26
Q

What do each of the letters in the CAT formula stand for?

A

Consumption, average depth, time

27
Q

How do we calculate the consumption element of the CAT formula?

A

Use 0.75cuft / minute as a reasonable average, but add conservatism where factors (such as stress or cold) require. Then double the figure to account for 2 divers sharing.

28
Q

How do we calculate the average depth portion of the CAT formula?

A

Take the maximum depth in meters / feet, halve it and then convert it to atmospheres.

29
Q

How do we calculate the time section of the CAT formula?

A

Use 10 feet / minute as an ascent rate, but also add at least 1 minute to share gas prior to starting the ascent.

30
Q

Multiplying the 3 figures we have calculated for each of the CAT formula elements gives us the amount of gas needed for minimum gas. However, what unit is this resulting figure in and what do we need to do with it?

A

The answer is in cubic feet (volume at 1 atmosphere) and we need to convert it to bar / psi for our cylinder size.

31
Q

What is the lowest value we can use for minimum gas?

A

500 psi.

32
Q

What is the definition of minimum gas?

A

The amount of gas needed to get 2 divers sharing gas, from the deepest part of the dive to the next available gas source.

33
Q

How many cubic feet of gas is contained within a set of double aluminium 80 cylinders filled to 2000 psi?

A

100 cuft

ft3 = PSI / 100 x TF

2000psi / 100 x 5 TF) = 100 FT3

34
Q

Calculate the minimum gas for a dive to 100ft using a single aluminium 80 cylinder.

A

1650psi.

CxAxT=PSI

C= SCR for 2 divers: 2 x .75ft3 (SCR) = 1.5ft3
A= AVG Depth of ascent: 100' = 5ATA so 5 / 2 = 2.5ATA
T= 1min + 10min ascent 

MG: 2 x .75 (SCR) x 11min (Ascent) x 2.5 (ATA) = 41.25ft3

FT3 to PSI: 41.25ft3 / 2.5(TF) x 100= 1650PSI