Guan Exam 2 Flashcards
5 Constructs of SCT
1st concept SCT
Psychological Determinants of Behavior
-Outcome Expectation
-Self-Efficacy
-Collective Efficacy
2nd concept of SCT:
-Observational Learning
-Perceived Similarity leads to Modeling
3rd concept SCT
Environmental Determinants of Behavior
-Incentive Motivation
-Facilitation
4th concept of SCT:
-Self-Regulation
5th concept of SCT:
-Moral Disengagement
FOUR SOURCES OF SELF-EFFICACY
-Mastery experience
-Vicarious experience
-Verbal persuasion
-Emotional arousal
Two assumptions of stigma
-Stigma is socialized
-Stigma must be communicated.
What is the model of stigma communication
- marks
- labeling
- responsibility
- peril
Marks
Recognize members of a stigmatized group.
Concealment: Easily visible leads to greater stigmatization
*Disgust: More disgust = greater stigmatization
Can see it directly: Scar on face from disease, sores on arms, yellow teeth on smokers.
Labeling
Considering the stigmatized group as a coherent, distinct entity.
“George has syphilis” vs “George is a syph boy”
“Cavers” vs “people infected with CAV”
Anger
Responsibility
Making attributions about a person’s choice and control.
When a condition is out of someone’s control, empathy increases. This reduces stigma.
“What efforts have they made to get out of that group?”
“Does the patient have a choice?” “Does the person choose to own cats?” Anger
Peril
Linking individuals to danger that threatens the community.
Danger- fear*- isolation
High Peril: CAV has no known cure and is often fatal. In some cases, cavers have shown paranoid delusions and aggression.
Low Peril: “CAV is easy to cure, rarely fatal, but may cause temporary, mild discomfort.”
Four aspects of identification
-Empathic- Feel you share in the feelings of the character, you understand what they’re experiencing
-Cognitive – About thinking, sharing what they’re thinking
-Motivational* – share the goal of the character.
-Absorption – Loss of awareness/kind of overlaps transportation
What is emotional appeal?
Emotional appeals are communication strategies used to alter people’s behaviors by inducing particular emotions.
Six primary emotions
Happiness, Fear, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Surprise
A fear appeal message contains two components:
Threat Component: severity and susceptibility
Efficacy Component: self-efficacy and response efficacy
Fear Control
when the perceived threat is high, low efficacy.
Want to minimize
Maladaptive coping
Danger Control
When the perceived threat is high, people believe their efficacy is high also.
-Problem-focused coping (they’re proactive in doing something to protect themselves)
Want to maximize
Anxiety:
Core Relational Theme
-“Facing an uncertain threat” Uncertainty
Anxiety:
Action Tendency
-Avoidance or escape
-Information seeking
Sadness:
Core relational theme:
“Having experienced an irrevocable loss
Sadness Action Tendency:
-Inaction
-Withdrawal into oneself
Guilt:
Core Relational Theme:
-“Having transgressed a moral imperative
Guilt Action Tendency:
-Atone or compensate for the harm
-Seek punishment
-Deny
Disgust:
Core relational theme:
Taking or being too close to an indigestible object or idea
-Based on distaste
Disgust AT:
-Strong impulse to avoid contact
-Vomiting
Hope:
CRT:
“Fearing the worst but yearning for better.”
Hope AT:
-Move forward or approach
-Remain vigilant
Relief:
CRT:
“A distressing, goal incongruent condition has changed for the better or goes away.”
Relief AT:
None
Happiness/Joy:
CRT:
“Making reasonable progress toward the realization of a goal.”
Happiness/Joy AT:
-Expansiveness
-Share positive outcomes and approach others
grain-framed message
emphasizes the positive outcomes of adopting an advocated behavior
loss-framed message
emphasizes the negative outcomes of non-adoption
present-framed message
emphasizes the immediate outcomes of adopting an advocated behavior.
future-framed message
emphasizes the future outcomes of adopting an advocated behavior.
- Threat agency
Health threat is the active agent responsible for the consequences
o E.g. - the virus is likely to prey on more people in the coming days”
Active agent is the virus (not in our control which leads to greater threat)
Less controllable —> greater perceived threat
- Human agency
humans are the active agent responsible for the consequences
E.g. - more people are likely to contract the virus in the coming days
More controllable - less perceived threat
Reference Point
- Self Reference - focuses on message receivers themselves
-Ultimately this will most certainly benefit you - Other reference - focuses on people around the message recievers
-Ultimately this will most certainly benefit your family, friends, & community
