GU/Reproductive Flashcards
ARF patho
ARF patho
Reversible syndrome caused by an abrupt deterioration of function.
Kidneys unable to remove waste products or Perform regulatory functions.
ARF labs
rising BUN (10 - 20) and creatinine (0.5 - 1.2)
Specific gravity 1.030 (concentrated)
decreased Hgb annd Hct
ARF S/S
Decreased urine output Increased BUN/Creatinine Metabolic acidosis Fluid retention Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia Hypotension Tachycardia
ARF onset phase
initial insult/ injury
ARF oliguric phase
8-14 days
Urine output greatly reduced
ARF diuretic phase
Lasts about 10 days
Nephrons recovering & regaining ability to excrete urine.
10L/day dilute urine
ARF recovery phase
lasts up to 6 months
the pt begins to return to normal activity level.
Cause of Pre-renal ARF
Any condition decreasing blood flow to the kidneys amd leading to ischemia in nephrons.
heart failure, shock, pulm embolism, anaphylaxia, sepsis, pericardial tamponade.
Cause of Intra-renal ARF
Interstitial, glomerular or tubular damage
Major cause is prolonged prerenal disease
Others: infection, dye, nephrotoxic drugs
Cause of Post-renal ARF
obstruction
treatment of hyperkalemia
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Diuretics
what would trigger or inhibit release of ADH
Hypothylmus and p.pit
Renin
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) S/S
Altered urinary elimination/ bladder outlet obstruction
Reduced force of stream, hesitancy, post-void dribbling
Frequency, urgency, nocturne
May have problems with UTI’s, stones or hematuria
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Complications
urinary retention
UTI
Stones
renal failure
determining residual volume
Ultra sound
bladder scanner
risk factors of bacterial cystitis
Sexual active, birth control, pregnant, obstruction, long term cath, Diabetes
s/s of acute glomerular nephritis
Edema, Hematuria, Oliguria, Headache, Dyspnea, Possible flank pain secondary to stretching of the renal capsule.
Complications of acute glomerular nephritis
Kidney failure, HTN, Nephrotic syndrome.
Cause of acute glomerular nephritis
strep infections, HTN
pylonephritis s/s
flank pain Fever (usually present) and/or chills malaise Nausea and vomiting Confusion hematuria Cloudy or foul-smelling urine Pain when urinating Increased frequency or urgency of urination
Cause of pylonephritis
E.coli
urine flow slows or stops
BHP
masses
stones
pylonephritis diagnosis
Urinalysis (white blood cells)
High Specific gravity
concentrated / dehyrated
Low specific gavity
Dialute
renal calculi risk factors
Family history Man Dehydration high protien, sodium and sugar diet fat digestive disorders
renal calculi complications
Kidney damage
Kidney infection
UTI
Renal Calculi s/s
Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back Pain may move to groin area (groin pain) or testicles (testicle pain) Abnormal urine color Blood in the urine Chills Fever Nausea Vomiting
Renal Calculi prevention
Drink lots of water
diet change
Renal calculi priority
pain
CRF S/S
Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite Fatigue and weakness Sleep problems Changes in urine output Decreased mental sharpness Muscle twitches and cramps Edema Persistent itching Chest pain, if fluid accumulates around the lining of the heart Shortness of breath, if fluid accumulates in the lungs High blood pressure (hypertension) that's difficult to control
CRF assessment findings
vvmj
CRF patho
Progressive, irreversible damage to nephrons & glomeruli
Sodium & water retention
Gradual progression towards uremia
CRF complications
Neurologic -Uremic encephalopathy -Peripheral neuropathy CV -Pericarditis, tamponade -Accelerated atherosclerosis (microemboli) -Cause of 50-65% of the deaths in CRF Skin -Pruiritis, calcium deposits, uremic frost (looks like zits) -Excoriation with a bleeding tendency -Anemic pallor (yellow) -Brittle nails, thin hair (falls out) Hormonal -Amenorrhea/ impotence, infertility - hormone replacement -Decreased libido
CRF nursing interventions
Managing fluid volume Preventing pulmonary edema Increasing cardiac output Enhancing nutrition Preventing infection Preventing injury Minimizing fatigue Reducing anxiety
Polyuria
increased urine output, greater than 2000 ml in 24 hrs
Complications of prostate cancer
Incontinence
Erectile dysfunction
Prostate Cancer S/S
Trouble urinating Decreased force in the stream of urine Blood in the urine Blood in the semen General pain in the lower back, hips or thighs Discomfort in the pelvic area Bone pain Erectile dysfunction
complications after mastectomy
lym
AV Fistula care/teaching
mature (4 months after surgey) do not take bp on arm do not put IV on arm Thrill and bruit q 4 hrs assess pulse elevate post op dont carry heavey things dont sleep on that side
IV pyelogram (IVP) teaching
not while prego
radiation dye
and colonic cleaning = clearer image`
Kidney biopsy s/s of complications
bleeding (HTN)
complications after mastectomy and how to prevent them
Lymphedema
Avoid bp in that arm
