Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Prep for Phase 3A > GU Medicine Gynae > Flashcards

GU Medicine Gynae Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Overgrowth of bacteria in vagina, specifically anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacteria vaginosis STI?

A

No, caused by loss of lactobacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of lactobacilli

A

Produce lactic acid to keep vaginal pH under 4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacteria causing Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Prevotella species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacteria vaginosis risk factors

A

Multiple sexual partners, excessive vaginal cleaning, recent antibiotics, smoking, copper coil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacterial vaginosis presentation

A

half are asymptomatic,

Rest have standard fishy smelling watery grey vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investigations Bacterial Vagionsis

A

Speculum examination (confirm discharge)

Vaginal swab and pH paper (>4.5)

Charcoal vaginal swab microscopy (clue-cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial vaginosis management

A

Metronidazole (orally/vaginal gel)

Provide information to prevent i.e. avoid vaginal cleaning with soaps that disrupt flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metronidazole contraindication with alcohol

A

causes disulfiram reaction i.e. nausea, vomiting, flushing, shock, angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complications of bacterial vaginosis

A

Increased risk of catching STIs

Miscarriage, Preterm delivery. PROM. chorioamnioitis, low birth weight, postpartum endometritits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Candidiasis?

A

Vaginal infection with candida yeast family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common cause of candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risk factors candidiasis

A

Increased oestrogen, poorly controlled diabetes, immunosuppression, broad spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Candidiasis presentation

A

Thick, odourless, white cheese curd discharge

Vaginal itching, irritation,discomfort

Dyspareunia

Dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Candidiasis investigation

A

Speculum examination (confirm discharge)

Vaginal swab and pH paper (pH <4.5)

Charcoal swab with microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of candidiasis

A

Antifungal i.e. clotrimazole cream/pessary or fluconazole tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacteria causing Chalmydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (gram-negative bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epidemiology of chlamydia

A

Most common STI in UK, significant cause of infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Investigations for Chlamydia

A

Examination (pelvic tenderness, cervical excitation, discharge)

Charcoal swabs (microscopy, culture, sensitivities)

NAAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Presentation of Chlamydia

A 
Vaginal discharge, clear
Pelvic pain
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (intermenstrual/postcoital)
Dyspareunia
Dysuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chlamydia management

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice daily, 7 days (contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chlamydia complication

A

PID, Chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, epidymo-orchitis, conjunctivitis

preterm, PROM, low birth weight

Lymphogranuloma venereum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum ?

A

Condition affecting lymphoid tissue around site of chlamydial infection. Presents with painless ulcer, lymphadenitis, proctitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chlamydial conjunctivitis presentation?

A

Chronic erythema, irritation, discharge, mostly unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gonorrhoea cause?
Gram-negative diplococcus bacteria i.e. Neisseria Gonorrhoea
26
Where does gonorrhoea affect?
Mucous membranes with columnar epithelium i.e. endocervix, urethra, rectum, conjunctiva, pharynx
27
Presentation gonorrhoea (4)
Odourless purulent discharge (green/yellow) Dysuria Pelvic pain Males (epididymo-orchitis)
28
Presentation of gonorrhoea in other sites?
Rectal infection -> anal discomfort, discharge Pharyngeal infection -> sore throat Prostatitis -> Perineal pain, urinary symptoms, prostate tenderness Conjunctivitis -> erythema and purulent discharge
29
Gonorrhoea investigation
NAAT | Charcoal endocervical swab
30
Gonorrhoea management
single IM ceftriaxone 1g if sensitivities unknown single oral ciprofloxacin 500mg in known sensitivity Followed up with test of cure (RNA and DNA NATT)
31
Gonorrhoea complications
PID, Chronic pelvic pain, Infertility, epidymo-orchitis, Conjunctivitis, Fitz-Hugh Curtis, Septic arthritis, Disseminated Gonococcal infection
32
Mycoplasma Genitalium
Bacteria that causes non-gonococcal urethritis
33
Which antibiotic does Mycoplasma Genitalium have resistance issues with?
Azithromycin
34
What can Mycoplasma genitalium lead to?
``` Urethritis Epididymitis Cervicitis Endometritis PID RA Preterm delivery in pregnancy Tube infertility ```
35
Mycoplasma genitalium investigation?
NAAT via first urine sample men, vaginal swabs women
36
Management Mycoplasma genitalium
Doxycycline 100mg, 2x 7days then azithromycin 1g stat then 500mg once daily, 2 days Then test of cure
37
PID?
Inflammation and infection of organs of the pelvis caused by infection spreading up through cervix
38
PID causes?
Neisseria gonorrhoea, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium non STIs : Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenzae, E.coli
39
RF PID?
Multiple sexual partners, no contraception, younger age, existing STIs, Previous PID, IUD
40
PID presentation
Pelvic pain, Deep dyspareunia, dysuria, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding
41
PID investigations
Examination: Pelvic tenderness, Cervical excitation, purulent discharge STIs: NAAT, HIV test, Syphilis test High vaginal swab (microscopy pus cells) Pregnancy test Inflammatory markers
42
Management PID
GUM referral, contact tracing services IM ceftriaxone 1g (gonorrhoea) Doxycycline 100mg 2x daily,14 days (chlamydia, mycoplasma genitalium)
43
PID complications
Sepsis, abscess, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
44
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis?
inflammation and infection of liver capsule, leading to adhesions between liver and peritoneum
45
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis presentation?
RUQ that can be referred to right shoulder tip
46
Treatment for Fitz-Hugh-Curtis?
Laparoscopy to visualise and treat adhesions by adhenolysis
47
Trichomonas?
Protozoan parasite with flagella
48
Trichomonas complications? (2)
Increases risk of catching HIV, BV, Cervical cancer, PID, Pregnancy-related complications
49
Trichomonas Vaginalis presentation (5)
``` Vaginal discharge (frothy and green) (fishy smell?) Itching Dysuria Dyspareunia Balantis ```
50
Trichomonas vaginalis investigations?
Examination: Strawberry cervix Vaginal PH (>4.5) Charcoal swab with microscopy
51
Trichomonas vaginalis management
GUM referral, contact tracing Metronidazole
52
Strains of HSV?
Two main strains HSV-1, HSV-2
53
Presentation of genital herpes
Ulcers/ blistering lesions on genital area Neuropathic pain (tingling/burning/shooting) Flu-like symptoms (fatigue and headaches) Dysuria Inguinal lymphadenopathy
54
Genital herpes investigations?
History for sexual contacts Viral PCR from lesion
55
Genital herpes management?
GUM referral, aciclovir
56
HIV?
An RNA retrovirus. HIV-1 most common, HIV-2 rare outside west africa
57
HIV target?
CD4-T helper cells
58
HIV transmission
Unprotected sexual activity Vertical transmission Mucous membrane, blood, open wound exposure
59
AIDS defining illnesses e.g.?
``` Kaposi's sarcoma Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Cytomegalovirus Candidiasis Lymphomas Tuberculosis ```
60
HIV investigation
Antibody testing Testing p24 antigen PCR Test Monitor CD4 count and viral load
61
Management HIV
ART NRTI (tenofovir and emtricitabine) Prophylactic co-tromoxazole for patients with CD4 under 200/mm3 Statins for Cardiovascular disease
62
HIV management to prevent transmission during birth
Normal vaginal deliver - <50 copies/ml C-section considered if >50 copies/ml and in all with >400 copies/ml IV zidovudine if viral load unknown or if >10k copies/ml
63
Breast feeding in HIV mothers?
not recommended, transmissable
64
Syphilis cause?
Treponema palidum
65
Syphilis mode of transmission
oral, vaginal, anal sex involving direct contact with infected area Vertical transmission IVDU Blood transfusions and other transplants
66
Stages of Syphilis
Primary -> Secondary -> Latent -> Tertiary & Neurosyphilis
67
Primary syphilis presentation
Chancre, local lymphadenopathy
68
Secondary syphilis presentation (6)
``` Maculopapular rash Condylomata lata Low-grade fever Lymphadenopathy Oral lesions Aloplecia ```
69
Tertiary syphilis presentation
Gummatous lesions Aortic aneurysms Neurosyphilis
70
Gummas?
Granulomatous lesions that affect the skin, organs, bones
71
Condylomata lata?
Grey wart-like lesions around genitals and anus
72
Neurosyphilis presentation (7)
``` Headache Altered behaviour Dementia Tabes dorsalis Ocular syphilis Paralysis Sensory impairment ```
73
Argyll-Robertson pupil?
Constricted pupil that accommodates but does not react to light
74
Syphilis investigations? (4)
Antibody testing for T.pallidum Microscopy PCR Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and venereal disease research laboratory (VDLR)
75
Syphilis management?
GUM referral Deep IM benzanthine Benzylpenicllin

Prep for Phase 3A (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions