GU Disorders Flashcards
Functions of the urinary system
-Maintains blood volume
-Balance of water, electrolytes and pH
-Ensures that key elements remain in the blood
-Waste removal
-Regulation of arterial blood pressure
-Development of red blood cells
What is the greatest factor in acute kidney failure?
Loss of blood pressure and blood flow to the kidneys
The likelihood of kidney failure increases with a MAP below what?
65 mmHg
How to calculate MAP
MAP = diastolic + 1/3(systolic - diastolic)
Non-Traumatic causes of GU issues
- Inflammatory or immune-mediated disease
- Infectious disease
- Physical obstruction
- Hemorrhage
Acute renal failure
- Sudden drop in urine output (less than 400mL/500mL)
- Oliguria (decreased urine elimination)
- Anuria (no elimination or urine)
Sudden drop in urine production occurring when kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from your blood.
Acute renal failure
Causes of edema in the feet?
- Hypertension
- CHF
- Diabetes
- Chronic infection
- Autoimmune disease
Risk factors for renal and urologic emergencies
- Older patients
- History of diabetes
- History of hypertension
- Multiple risk factors
Renal and urologic emergencies
- Acute renal failure
- Chronic renal failure
- Renal calculi
- Urinary tract infection
Inadequate kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons (usually 70%), metabolic instability, patient will require dialysis or transplant.
Chronic renal failure
Renal dialysis
Artificial replacement of some of kidneys function
Hemodialysis
Blood passes through a machine, typically 3x per week
Peritoneal dialysis
Uses the peritoneal membrane as a semipermeable membrane
Renal calculi
Kidney stones; crystal aggregation in the kidneys collecting system
Urinary tract infection
Usually bacterial; can be caused by improper hygiene, sexual intercourse, can spread to kidney if left untreated
Signs and symptoms of kidney stones
- Pain in back, side and groin.
- Blood in urine
- Painful urination
- Fever
- Chills
- Nausea / vomiting
Signs and symptoms of UTI
- Burning or pain while urinating
- Frequent or intense urge to urinate
- Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen
- Cloudy, dark, or foul smelling urine
- Fever
Urethritis
UTI in the urethra
Cystitis
UTI in the bladder
Prostatitis
UTI in the prostate
Pyelonephritis
UTI that has travelled to the kidneys
