GU Flashcards
T2 hypointense ovarian lesions
endometrioma Brenner tumor fibroma fibrothecoma cystadenofibroma Krukenberg tumor
medullary nephrocalcinosis
HAMHOP hyperparathyroidism (renal tubular) acidosis, type 1 medullary sponge kidney hypercalcemia/hypercalcuria oxaluria (renal) papillary necrosis, preterm
cortical nephrocalcinosis
COAGT cortical necrosis oxalosis Alport (X-linked, renal failure, deafness) (chronic) glomerulonephritis (chronic) transplant rejection
intratesticular solid mass
germ cell tumor (95%)
- seminoma (50%)
- non-seminomatous GCT: embryonal, teratoma, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma
- epidermoid cyst: “onion skin” rings of keratin
sex cord stromal tumor
- Leydig cell, Sertoli cell, granulosa cell, thecoma-fibroma
lymphoma (MC testicular mass >60yo)
mets (prostate, lung, kidney, colon, melanoma)
cystadenoma of rete testis (rare)
bilateral adrenal masses
mets (usu do not affect adrenal fcn)
pheochromocytoma (bilateral in 10%; suggests MEN 2A/B, NF1, TS, VHL)
adenomas
hyperplasia: (CAH in children, ACTH/Cushing’s)
adrenal hemorrhage
granulomatous dz (histo/TB)
lymphoma (primary adrenal - rare)
adrenal calcification
previous hemorrhage cystic dz (i.e. hydatid) chronic TB/histo calc'n within a tumor (ACC, pheo, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, teratoma) Addison's (rare)
solid renal mass - well defined
renal cell carcinoma
oncocytoma
fat-poor angiomyolipoma
pseudotumor: column of Bertin, persistent fetal lobulation, dromedary hump, aneurysm, AVM
other rare: hemangioma (KTWS, Sturge Weber), leiomyoma, juxtaglomerular cell tumor (young adult w uncontrolled HTN), metanephric adenoma, medullary fibroma, papillary adenoma, sarcoma
solid renal mass - infiltrative
urothelial ca
squamous cell ca: calculi, chronic UTI, XGP
infiltrative RCC subtypes: medullary ca (young, sickle cell), collecting duct ca
lymphoma/leukemia
mets: lung, breast, GI, melanoma, contralat kidney
malakoplakia: inflam, recurrent E.coli infx
sarcoma: angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
other rare: plasmacytoma, extramed hematopo, inflam pseudotum, GPA, Rosai-Dorfman, amyloid
mimic: focal pyelonephritis, infarct, radiation nephritis
soft tissue rind in perinephric space
lymphoma
Erdheim Chester (also around aorta)
amyloidosis (+/- calc’n)
retroperitoneal fibrosis (extend from periaortic)
mets (breast)
extramedullary hematopoiesis
Rosai-Dorfman (rare subcapsular infiltr’n)
nephroblastomatosis (infants, d/t persistent nephrogenic rests; risk of malig tranf to Wilms)
diffuse low signal in renal cortex on MRI
reflects hemosiderin depos’n in renal cortex d/t intravasc hemolysis → low T1 & T2 signal
renal medulla spared
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
mechanical hemolysis (prosthetic heart valve)
severe sickle cell dz (hemolysis predom extravasc, but can be intravasc)
renal cortical necrosis (cortical thinning + low signal d/t diffuse Ca2+)
adult retroperitoneal mass (non-organ based)
lymphoma: NHL, HL
metastasis: many primaries
soft tissue sarcoma: liposarc, leiomyosarc
neurogenic tumor:
- nerve sheath tumor: schwannoma, neurofibroma, MPNST
- paraganglioma
- sympathetic tumor: ganglioneuroma
germ cell tumor: teratoma
striated nephrogram
acute pyelonephritis acute ureteral obstruction medullary sponge kidney acute renal vein thrombosis radiation nephritis acutely following renal contusion hypotension (bilateral) infantile polycystic kidney (bilateral)
IVC invasion
renal cell carcinoma
adrenal cortical carcinoma
adrenal metastases
primary neoplasm: leiomyosarcoma (intravascular)
urothelial carcinoma (rare) angiomyolipoma (more rare)
high Bosniak class - malignant or low malignant potential
- clear cell RCC
- papillary RCC
- unclassified RCC
- multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential
- tubulocystic RCC
high Bosniak class - benign
- benign epithelial cyst
- adult cystic nephroma
- mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
- oncocytoma
- hemangioma
