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1
Q

S&S of lower UTI

A

**dysuria=key sxs

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2
Q

Diagnosis of UTI

A
  • UA= pyuria (>10 WBCs)
  • presence of nitrate (very specific, but not sensitive test for bacteriuria)
  • esterase (very sensitive, but not specific)
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3
Q

Common abx in treatment of lower & upper UTI

A

-Bactrim -Cipro -Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)

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4
Q

Duration of abx in lower UTI

A

3 days

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5
Q

Duration of abx in upper UTI

A

14 day

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6
Q

S&S of upper UTI

A

-flank, low back pain, abd pain may be present -fever , chills -N/V -**mental status changes in elderly

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7
Q

systemic changes are not evident until overall renal function is _________.

A

<20-25% of normal

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8
Q

Normal BUN

A

10-20

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9
Q

Normal Cr

A

0.5-1.5

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10
Q

Normal BUN/Cr ratio

A

10:1

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11
Q

diminished renal reserve

A

50% nephron loss; Cr doubles

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12
Q

Renal Insuffiiciency

A

75% nephron loss; mild azotemia present

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13
Q

ESRD

A

90% nephron loss, azotemia, metabolic alterations

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14
Q

Criteria for dialysis

A

*AEIOU* acidosis electrolyte imbalance (Ca++, K+) intoxication oliguria uremia

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15
Q

In chronic renal failure, what are the limitations with protein?

A

40g/d

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16
Q

most common cause of intrinsic renal failure

A

nephrotoxic agents

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17
Q

Normal urine specific gravity

A

1.010-1.030

18
Q

Prerenal disease 1.serum BUN/Cr ratio: 2. UNa: 3. Specific gravity: 4. urinary sediment: 5. FENa:

A
  1. >10:1 (usu 20:1) 2. <20 3. >1.015 4. nL/few hyaline casts 5. <1
19
Q

Intrarenal Disease 1.serum BUN/Cr ratio: 2. UNa: 3. Specific gravity: 4. urinary sediment: 5. FENa:

A
  1. 10:1 2. >40 3. <1.015 4. *granular/white casts 5. >3
20
Q

Postrenal Disease 1.serum BUN/Cr ratio: 2. UNa: 3. Specific gravity: 4. urinary sediment: 5. FENa:

A
  1. 10:1 2. >40 3. >1.015 4. normal 5. usu >3
21
Q

Calcium Renal calculi are more common in which gender?

A

men

22
Q

what type of stone accounts of 80% of renal calculi?

A

calcium

23
Q

what type of renal calculi is more common in women?

A

struvite

24
Q

Diagnostic tests for renal calculi?

A

**CT -xray

25
Q

Management of renal calculi?

A

-hydration -analagesia (trio) 1. dilaudid or morphine, 2. toradol (ketorolac), 3. reglan -if stone obstructing flow or + infection–>need removal (extracoporeal, percutaneous lithotripsy or cystoscopy if larger)

26
Q

Diagnostic workup of BPH

A

**UA (r/o infection) PSA (>4ng/ml=abnormal)

27
Q

Medications used in the treatment of BPH

A

alpha blockers (“cin”/”sin”) 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (“rides”)

28
Q

Terazocin (hytrin) is what class of med?

A

alpha antagonist

29
Q

Finasteride (proscar) is what class of med?

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

30
Q

Prazocin (minipress) is what class of med?

A

alpha antagonist

31
Q

Dutasteride (avodart) is what class of med?

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

32
Q

Tamsulosin (flomax) is what class of med?

A

alpha antagonist

33
Q

What types of meds should be avoided that worsen BPH sxs?

A

OTC antihistamines (benadryl) decongestants (pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline -afrin spray) SSRIs

34
Q

Calculation for creatinine clearance?

A

(140-age) x (weight-kg)/ 72 x serum Cr *multiply calculated value by .85 for females

35
Q

normal CrCl for males <40yr

A

107-139ml/min or 1.8-2.3ml/sec (**dec by 6.5ml/min for every 10 yr after age 20)

36
Q

normal CrCl for females <40yr

A

87-107ml/min or 1.5-1.8ml/sec (**dec by 6.5ml/min for every 10 yr after age 20)

37
Q

most common illness for adults >65yr

A

UTI

38
Q

Differential dx of testicular pain?

A

kidney stone torsion epidydimitis

39
Q

Which disease state will there be a loss of the cremastor reflex?

A

torsion

40
Q

What class of medications would be contraindicated w/renal angiogram?

A

ACEIs

GU (1 decks)

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