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Genitourinary 1 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Name the microscopic unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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2
Q

name the main artery leading into the kidney

A

renal

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3
Q

what artery is a direct branch off a major vessel

A

aorta

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4
Q

the kidney is enclosed in 3 layers. name 2 of them

A

true capsule ( intermost layer) renial fascia (middle layer)

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5
Q

name the funnel-shaped upper most proximal end of the uretery

A

renal pelvis

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6
Q

the kidney pedicle is composed of 2 structures name them

A

renal artery, renal vein

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7
Q

the kidneys are located in what space

A

retroperitoneal spae

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8
Q

name the concave notch in the kidney thru which the ureter, arteries and veins enter and exit

A

hilum

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9
Q

name the small triangular area near the mouth of the bladder, located between the urteral orifice and urethra

A

trigone

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10
Q

what is the largest metabolic waste constituent of urine

A

urea

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11
Q

the mucosal folds of the inner bladder are called what

A

rugae

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12
Q

the renal pyramids make up the what

A

renal medulla

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13
Q

name the diagnostic procedure of:

  1. 20-30 cc of radiopaque dye is injected intravenously and time is noted when excretion begins from the kidneys
  2. a flate-plate xray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder demonstrating their size, shape, and location in relation to other pelvic organs
  3. injection of radiopaque dye through a cystoscope using a ureteral catheter. dye enters the ureters with back flow into the kidneys done during cystoscopy
A
  1. intravenous pyelogram
    2 KUB
    3 Retrograde pyelogram
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14
Q

name the type of catheter whose primary function is to dliate narrow strictures of urethra

A

filiform and follower

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15
Q

what does BPH stand for

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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16
Q

BPH is a cancerous, malignant enlargement of the prostate

A

false

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17
Q

regarding a resectoscope, what is hooked to what
1 telescope
2 sheath
3 working element

A

1 light cord
2 irrigation tubing
3 bovie cord

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18
Q

name the irrigation tubing used in the cysto room that has 1 port

A

cysto tubing

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19
Q

name the irrigation tubing which has 2 ports, allowing 2 bags of fluid to be hung at 1 time

A

TUR tubing

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20
Q

alcohol, a bacteriostatic agent, is used for cleaning a cystoscope

A

false

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21
Q

name the instrument used to dilate the
1 male urethra
2 female sounds

A

1 van burren

2 otis bougie

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22
Q

list 3 features a cysto table has that a regular OR table does not have

A

wider, x-ray machine directly attached, electric

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23
Q

list 6 items that you would find on a cystoscopy back table set up

A

obturator, resectoscope, stopcock, dye, catheter, KY lube

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24
Q

name the sterile isotonic, non hemolytic solution used during a TUR-P

A

glycine

mannitol

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25
Q

where do the kidneys lay?

A

under the dome of the diaphragm

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26
Q

where are the kidneys found

A

retroperitoneal space

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27
Q

what are the kidneys not in

A

abdominal cavity and peritoneum

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28
Q

how many layers are the kidneys enclosed with

A

3

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29
Q

what are the layers surrounding the kidneys called

A

1 true capsule
2 renal fascia
3 peri-renal fat

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30
Q

what are the layers in the kidney

A

cortex and medulla

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31
Q

what do the renal pyramids empty into

A

calcyes

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32
Q

what is the renal pelvis

A

upper end of ureter

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33
Q

what is the hilum notch

A

place where renal artery enter kidney and renal vein and ureter leave

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34
Q

what collects urine from the renal pyramids

A

renal calyces

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35
Q

where do the renal artery and renal vein connect to kidney

A

kidney pedicle

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36
Q

what is the direct branch off of the aorta

A

renal artery

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37
Q

what drains directly into the vena cava

A

renal vein

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38
Q

is the kidney highly vascular

A

yes

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39
Q

what connect kidney to bladder

A

ureters

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40
Q

how many layers does the bladder have

A

4

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41
Q

what are the 4 layers of the bladder

A

mucosal- innermost
submucosal
muscular
serosal- outermost

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42
Q

small triangular area near mouth of bladder formed by ureteral orifices and urethral opening

A

trigone

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43
Q

are of tissued between symphisis pubis and bladder where sutures are anchored

A

space of retzius

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44
Q

urination is controlled by circular muscles called

A

spinchters

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45
Q

what passes thru the prostate gland and penis

A

urethra

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46
Q

what is a physician specializing in GU disease

A

urologist

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47
Q

what are some problems treated in both male and females

A

urinary incontinence
bladder stones
tumors, cancer
adrenal disease

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48
Q

what are GU surgeries classified as

A

open and closed

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49
Q

how is open performed

A

in OR room involves surgical incision

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50
Q

how is closed performed

A

in cysto room, fiberoptic scope, inserted thru urethra

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51
Q

what are some advantages of closed surgeries

A

no incision, less chance of infection, decreased hospital stay, quicker recovery period

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52
Q

specific conditions related to age groups
1 pre adolescents
2 men 20’s 30’s
middle age and older

A

1 bedwetting, urethral strictures, hydrocele, wilms tumor
2 testicular cacer, hydrocele, vasectomy, calculi bladder
3 calculi, hydrocele, tumor, prostatic disease impotence

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53
Q

what provide valuable information regarding function and health of urinary system

A

urinalysis

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54
Q

what does urinalysis measure

A

cells-RBC-WBC

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55
Q

what does protein indicate

A

renal disease, poor nutrition

normally not present in urine

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56
Q

what does sugar indicate

A

diabetes

normally not present in urine

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57
Q

what does clarity indicate

A

color, clearness

if cloudy could indicate bacterial infection

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58
Q

what are some types of blood test

A

creatinine level, BUN, uric acid level, Prostate-specific antigen

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59
Q

what is the most common blood test

A

creatinine level

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60
Q

what are some types of renal scans

A

x-ray, CT scan, MRI, Ultrasound

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61
Q

what measures amount of time it take the kidneys to excrete dye- and indicates kidney function

A

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

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62
Q

what is a retrograge pyelogram

A

10-20cc of radiopaque dye is injected thru a ureteral catheter during a cystoscopy

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63
Q

is dye used in a KUB

A

no

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64
Q

what does a kub show

A

size, shape and location of kidneys, ureters and bladder

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65
Q

what do urodynamic studies do

A

measure performance

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66
Q

should non absorbable suture used on the urinary tract

A

NO it would be the nucleus for a stone

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67
Q

name an instrument that can be used to strip the periosteum from the ribs during a nephrectomy

A

doyen or alexander elevator

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68
Q

what is the most common incision used for a nephrectomy

A

flank

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69
Q

silk suture may be used to repair the kidney, ureter or bladder

A

false

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70
Q

what instrument can be used to remove a stone lodged in one of the renal calyces

A

randal stone forcep

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71
Q

describe renal colic

A

intense pain, intermittent pain caused by stone passing through ureter

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72
Q

name the procedure in which shock waves are used to fragment urological stones

A

lithotripsy

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73
Q

during a kidney transplant, the donor kidney is transplanted in the iliac fossa

A

true

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74
Q

what major problem must be resolved after kidney transplantation

A

rejection

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75
Q

define pyelolithotomy

A

incision of renal pelvis of kidney for removal of kidney stone

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76
Q

name 2 kidney 2 kidney pedicle clamps which could be used to clamp the renal artery and vein during a nephrectomy

A

satinksky

herrick

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77
Q

how is a kidney/ ureteral stone sent to pathology

A

dry container

78
Q

name the 2 groups of pelvic lymph nodes that are removed during a radical retropubic prostatectomy and sent to pathology for analysis

A

iliac

obturator

79
Q

what diagnostic procedure can be performed for patients with possible prostate cancer

A

prostate biopsy

80
Q

what blood test can be done to aid in diagnosis

A

PSA

81
Q

name the type of anesthesia most often used for TURP

A

spinal

82
Q

name a type of urinary diversion procedure

A

ilio conduit

83
Q

what retractor could be used for bladder/ prostate surgery

A

mason judd

84
Q

the location of the surgical incision used for a suprapubic prostatectomy would be

A

low abdominal- transverse or longitudinal

85
Q

name 2 types of surgical procedures that can be performed to treat female urinary stress incontinence

A

staney procedure

tvt sling

86
Q

lack of control over urination is called

A

stress incontinence

87
Q

what is used by the surgeon to intermittently remove prostatic tissue fragments during a TURP

A

elik

88
Q

circumcision involves the removal of what structure

A

prepuce

89
Q

what surgical procedure treats cryptorchidism

A

orchidopexy

90
Q

name the procedure that reverses a male vasectomy

A

vasocasostomy

91
Q

name the congenital defect where the male urethral is found on the:
underside of the penis:
topside of penis:

A

Hypospadias

Episadias

92
Q

name the surgery where the high ligation of the gonadal veins is done to reduce venous plexus congestion

A

varicoceletcomy

93
Q

define orchiectomy

A

removal testis

94
Q

what structure is excised when performing a hydrocelectomy

A

tunac vaginalis

95
Q

what other condition can be associated with a child presenting with a hydrocele

A

inguinal hernia

96
Q

what condition would a urethral meatotomy be performed for

A

pin point meatus

97
Q

what catheter is used for temporary drainage of bladder (straight cath)

A

robinson red rubber

98
Q

what is the most common catheter

A

retention foley

99
Q

foley 3 way catheter 2 and 3rd port are used for what

A

2nd port connect to drainage bag

3rd port used for irrigating bladder (used after TURP)

100
Q

does saline get sent with patient

A

yes its attached to catheter

101
Q

ureteral catheters are what types

A

open and closed

size 3 to 8.5 fr

102
Q

what is the use for a ureteral catheter

A

perform a retrograde pyelogram, obtain sterile urine

can light up ureters

103
Q

what stent keeps ureteral lumen open

A

J stent

104
Q

types of irrigation for closed ureteral catheters

A

sterile water

sterile saline

105
Q

can water and saline be used with electrocautery

A

NO conducts electricity

106
Q

what can be used with electro cautery

A

isotonic, non-hemolytic

107
Q

how many ports does cysto tubing have

A

single port

used for cystoscopy 1 bag of fluid needed

108
Q

how many ports does TUR tubing have

A

double port
used for TUR-B, TUR-P
several bags of fluid needed

109
Q

what types of evacuators are there

A

Toomey syringe

elik evacuator

110
Q

what are the uses for an evacuator

A

irrigate bladder, aspirate stone fragments, resected tissue, blood clots

111
Q

what should you never use to clean a scope

A

alcohol

112
Q

what does a fiberoptic light cord attach to

A

scope

113
Q

what does irrigation tubing attach to

A

sheath (stopcock)

114
Q

what use electric current to resect and cauterize tissue

A

working elements

115
Q

what working elements is spring action operates with 1 hand and is most common one used

A

Iglesias

116
Q

what working element are both hands needed to operate it and rack and pinion action

A

mcCarthy

117
Q

what working element attaches to resectoscope has roller ball. cutting loop and Collins knife

A

electrodes

118
Q

what is a cystoscopy

A

visualization of

urethra, bladder neck, bladder, ureteral orifices, prostate in male

119
Q

what can a cystoscopy diagnose

A

bladder tumors, diverticulum

120
Q

what is a kidney composed of

A

minerals and salts

121
Q

what type of stone has jagged edges, continues to enlarge and can fill entire renal pelvis

A

staghorn

122
Q

what type of stone can be size of an orange, can fill most of bladder

A

bladder stone

123
Q

what is hydronephrosis

A

dull constant pain, stone is blocking urine outflow from renal pelvis

124
Q

what is the removal of a kidney called

A

nephrectomy

125
Q

what is a wilms tumor

A

cancner in kidney

126
Q

what is hardening of the small blood vessel and arterioles in the kidney caused by hypertension

A

nephrosclerosis

127
Q

what term is used to refer to several renal disorders characterized by the inflammation of the glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

128
Q

what is the most common position of nephrectomy

A

lateral

129
Q

what does the radical nephrectomy include

A

excision of kidney, perirenal fat, lymph nodes, gerota fascia and adrenal glan

130
Q

what is excised in hemi nehprectomy

A

portion of kidney

131
Q

what is a removal of kidney and its entire ureter

A

nephroureterectomy

132
Q

what is a pyeloplasty

A

revision or plastic reconstruction of the renal pelvis

133
Q

what is the position for pyeloplasty

A

lateral

134
Q

a catheter is placed into renal pelvis for temporary urinary diversion to outside of body is what

A

nephrostomy

135
Q

what procedure is done for acute renal falure due to end stage renal disease (affects both kidney)

A

kidney dialysis

136
Q

what type of kidney dialysis means use of an artificial kidney machine to cleanse blood

A

hemodialysis

137
Q

what kidney dialysis procedure means permanent soft catheter placed into peritoneal cavity for dialysis

A

peritoneal dialysis

138
Q

why is kidney transplant done

A

end stage renal disease

139
Q

once the patient gets a kidney transplant do they need to be on immunosuppressive drug for the rest of their life>

A

yes

140
Q

what are the endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys

A

adrenal gland

141
Q

what are adrenal glands responsible for

A

releasing hormones

142
Q

what position is a adrenalectomy done In and what type of incsions

A

lateral

flank/lumbar

143
Q

what are some goals for bladder surgeries

A

tighten and restore the anterior urethral vesicle angle

144
Q

vesicourethral suspension is also referred as what

A

marshall- marchetti kranz

145
Q

what position in for vesicourethral suspension

A

moderate trandelenburg, frog legged

146
Q

what procedure is fascial attachments of bladder are suspended to the rectus fascia with suture

A

stamey procedure

147
Q

what postion is the stamey procedure

A

lithotomy

148
Q

what type of sling is composed of polypropylene encased in a plastic sleeve

A

tvt sling

149
Q

for a suprapubic cystolithotomy where is the incision made

A

into the bladder

150
Q

if bladder cancer is well differentiated and not invasive into urethra what may be created

A

neobladder

151
Q

what is a TURBT done with

A

resectoscope

152
Q

what does the epididymis do

A

secretes seminal fluid, where sperm matures

153
Q

what does the vas deferens provide

A

an opening for the spermatic cord

154
Q

what has 2 membranous piches which unite with the vas deferens

A

seminal vesicles

155
Q

what enhances sperm motility

A

alkaline

156
Q

what 2 things join to make the ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vessels and vas deferens

157
Q

what does the prostate surround

A

urethra

158
Q

how many lobes does the prostate have

A

4
right and left lateral
medial and lateral

159
Q

what gland neutralizes any acidic urine present

A

cowpers gland

160
Q

what does semen consist of

A

sperm, secretions of seminal vesicles, prostae and bulbourethral glands

161
Q

what means twisiting of the spermatic cord

A

testicular torsion

162
Q

what is performed after the torsion is reduced to prevent any future occurence

A

orchiopexy

163
Q

what is the most common surgery for male infertility

A

varicocelectomy

164
Q

what procedure seals off affected veins are redirects them

A

varicocelectomy

165
Q

what is a spermatocelectomy

A

removal of a tumor mass

which results from an obstruction in epidymis

166
Q

during a hydrocelectomy what is being excised

A

tunica vagunalis

167
Q

why would an adult male have a circumcision done

A

phimosis

168
Q

what is the name of the procedure for undescended testicle

A

orchidopexy

169
Q

what term means fetal life, teses develop near kidney in abdominal cavity

A

cryptorchidism

170
Q

where is the meatus found

A

underside of the penis

171
Q

what is a surgical correction of the urethral meatus

A

hypospadius repair

172
Q

procedure meaning urethral opening is found on dorsum of the penis

A

epispadius

173
Q

what does penectomy mean

A

partial or total removal of a cancerous penis

174
Q

what is the 2nd most common cancer in males

A

prostate cancer

175
Q

suprapubic prostatectomy is done for what type of disease

A

benign

176
Q

where is the incision located on for simple retropubic prostatectomy
is the bladder entered

A

low verticle midline or pfannenstiel

no

177
Q

during a simple perineal prostatectomy if the biopsy is positive what will occur

A

radical prostatectomy

178
Q

a congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens on the under side of the penis or on the perineum is

A

hypospadius

179
Q

an embryonal, adenomyosarcoma of the kidney that occurs predominately in children is called

A

wilms tumor

180
Q

what is not found in normal urine

A

protein

181
Q

what instruments should be on a setup for a TUPR

A

resectoscope, sheaths and cutting electrodes

182
Q

what is the catheter of choice for dilating narrow strictures

A

filliform followers

183
Q

an electrohydraulic cystolithotripter may be used to break up stones by using

A

shock waves initiated by electric current

184
Q

name the type of surgical approach to the kidney which requires placement of a chest tube before closure

A

thoraco abdominal

185
Q

in order for a patient to undergo dialysis they must have and av shunt what type of shunt

A

artificial gortex graft

186
Q

another name for vesical urethral suspension is

A

raz procedure

187
Q

a type of bladder evacuator is

A

elik

188
Q

a catheter used for temporary or permanent urinary drainage is called

A

foley catheter

189
Q

resection of the prostate gland done through the urethra

A

turp

190
Q

penile straightening and urethral reconstruction usually done in 2 or more stages

A

hypospadias repar

191
Q

visual inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of endoscope

A

cystoscopy

192
Q

non malignant enlargement of the prostate is called

A

BPH

Genitourinary 1 (1 decks)

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